Sexual predator commitment laws: lessons for law and the behavioral sciences.
Sexual predator commitment laws: lessons for law and the behavioral sciences.
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性掠夺者承诺法：法律和行为科学的教训。
DOI：
10.1002/(sici)1099-0798(200001/02)18:1
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Eric S. Janus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eric S. Janus
性犯罪者承诺法使用心理健康承诺模型来锁定“最危险”的性犯罪者，在他们的刑期到期后。在堪萨斯诉亨德里克斯案中，美国最高法院驳回了对这些法律的主要宪法挑战。Hendricks案澄清了关于使用民事承诺来执行“警察权力”利益而不是“祖国父母”利益的重要模糊之处。亨德里克斯还澄清了“治疗”在证明民事承诺的合理性方面的作用。虽然仍有一些重要的法律的问题有待解决，但性犯罪者收容所计划的未来方向将主要取决于政策决定。行为科学可以在塑造这些决定方面发挥重要作用。最重要的问题是，昂贵的承诺计划是否是最有效的使用稀缺的治疗和监督资金。更多的研究应针对改善累犯的动态预测，操作“无法控制”的标准，判断“社会意义”的承诺的法律，并评估这些法律的潜在治疗抑制因素。
Sex offender commitment laws use a mental health commitment model to lock up the "most dangerous" sex offenders after their prison sentences expire. In Kansas v. Hendricks, the United States Supreme Court rejected the major constitutional challenges to these laws. The Hendricks case clarifies important ambiguities about the use of civil commitment to enforce "police power" interests, as opposed to "parens patriae" interests. Hendricks also clarifies the role of "treatment" in justifying civil commitment. While there remain some important legal issues to be resolved, the future direction of sex offender commitment schemes will turn most significantly on policy decisions. The behavioral sciences can play an important role in shaping these decisions. The most significant questions concern whether expensive commitment programs are the most effective use of scarce treatment and supervision dollars. Additional research should be directed to improving dynamic predictors of recidivism, operationalizing "inability to control" standards, judging the "social meaning" of commitment laws, and assessing the potential treatment disincentives of these laws.