Comparing aerosol concentrations and particle size distributions generated by singing, speaking and breathing
Comparing aerosol concentrations and particle size distributions generated by singing, speaking and breathing
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DOI：
10.1080/02786826.2021.1883544
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发表时间：
2021-02-03
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Reid, Jonathan P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gregson, Florence K. A.;Watson, Natalie A.;Reid, Jonathan P.
严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）大流行导致社会和经济活动前所未有的停顿，文化部门受到的影响尤其严重。对音乐表演的限制是因为人们认为唱歌产生气溶胶的风险比说话高得多，这是基于合唱排练后出现的COVID-19集群的高调例子。然而，比较不同类型的发声（包括唱歌）产生的气溶胶，在一系列卷中是一个快速发展的研究领域。在这里，我们测量了来自一个由25名专业歌手组成的大型队列的唱歌，说话和呼吸的气溶胶，这些歌手在零背景环境中的一系列音乐流派中，可以明确地将气溶胶的产生归因于特定的发声。我们不评估人们说话和唱歌的相对音量。然而，两者均显示质量浓度随着响度的增加而急剧增加（在所测量的动态范围内跨越20-30倍，p < 0.001）。在最安静的音量（50至60 dBA）下，唱歌（p = 0.19）和说话（p = 0.20）与呼吸均无显著差异。在最大音量（90至100 dBA）时，观察到唱歌和说话之间存在统计学显著差异（p < 0.001），但唱歌仅产生1.5至3.4倍的气溶胶质量。音乐表演的指导方针应基于发声的音量和持续时间、参与者的数量和活动发生的环境，而不是发声的类型。在可行的情况下，应采取缓解措施，如使用放大器和增加对通风的关注。版权所有（c）2021美国气溶胶研究协会
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented shutdown in social and economic activity, with the cultural sector particularly severely affected. Restrictions on musical performances have arisen from a perception that there is a significantly higher risk of aerosol production from singing than speaking, based upon high-profile examples of clusters of COVID-19 following choral rehearsals. However, comparing aerosol generation from different types of vocalization, including singing, across a range of volumes is a rapidly evolving area of research. Here, we measured aerosols from singing, speaking and breathing from a large cohort of 25 professional singers in a range of musical genres in a zero-background environment, allowing unequivocal attribution of aerosol production to specific vocalizations. We do not assess the relative volumes at which people speak and sing. However, both showed steep increases in mass concentration with increase in loudness (spanning a factor of 20-30 across the dynamic range measured, p < 0.001). At the quietest volume (50 to 60 dBA), neither singing (p = 0.19) nor speaking (p = 0.20) were significantly different to breathing. At the loudest volume (90 to 100 dBA), a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between singing and speaking, but with singing only generating a factor of between 1.5 and 3.4 more aerosol mass. Guidelines for musical performances should be based on the loudness and duration of the vocalization, the number of participants and the environment in which the activity occurs, rather than the type of vocalization. Mitigations such as the use of amplification and increased attention to ventilation should be employed where practicable.Copyright (c) 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research