INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION, BROOD PARASITISM, AND THE EVOLUTION OF BIPARENTAL COOPERATION IN BURYING BEETLES
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION, BROOD PARASITISM, AND THE EVOLUTION OF BIPARENTAL COOPERATION IN BURYING BEETLES
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DOI：
10.2307/3546144
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发表时间：
1994-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
TRUMBO, ST
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
TRUMBO, ST
种间竞争对交配系统的潜在影响受到了有限的关注。在这项研究中，我检查的能力，单一的女性和对埋葬甲虫（Nicrophorus spp.）以确保和准备腐肉资源，为他们的育雏时，匹配对两个非常不同类型的竞争对手。在第一组实验中。我介绍了N。defodiens小型和大型啮齿动物尸体，这些尸体以前曾在野外暴露于腐尸蝇产卵。对经历了显着更少的育雏失败比单一的女性（25%比51%）。在成功的繁殖尝试（至少有一个甲虫幼虫产生），男性的存在稍微增加了数量和质量的育雏小，但不是大，尸体。尸体准备对也吸引了较少的自由飞行的同源物比那些准备的单身女性。在第二组实验中。我研究了单个雌性或N对之间的直接竞争。orbicollis和单雌N.脓疱状同种雄性的存在增加了N.雌性圆颈龙会控制尸体结果，配对的雌性经历了四倍于单身雌性的繁殖成功率。另外。对N.环颈雌鱼的平均体重比单颈雌鱼低40%。从尸体中排除的Nicrophoruspustulatus雌性在31%的尸体上成功寄生。眼轮匝肌寄生N. pustulatus使N.圆颈幼虫通过提出一个N。orbicollis雌性，在双亲周期的两个阶段之一具有异种的第一龄幼虫。确定雌性将接受在“预期”时间到达尸体上的异种幼仔。但会吃掉在自己的卵孵化前20小时到达的幼仔。这些结果表明，种间竞争可以促进生物体中双亲合作的起源，为年轻人准备了一个离散的和有价值的资源。
The potential impact of interspecific competition on mating systems has received limited attention. In this study, I examine the ability of single females and pairs of burying beetles (Nicrophorus spp.) to secure and prepare carrion resources for their brood when matched against two very different types of competitors. In the first set of experiments. I presented N. defodiens small and large rodent carcasses which previously had been exposed in the field to oviposition by carrion flies. Pairs experienced significantly fewer brood failures than single females (25% vs 51%). In successful reproductive attempts (at least one beetle larva produced), the presence of a male marginally increased the number and mass of the brood on small, but not large, carcasses. Carcasses prepared by pairs also attracted fewer free-flying congeners than those prepared by single females. In a second set of experiments. I examined direct contests between single females or pairs of N. orbicollis and single females of N. pustulatus. The presence of a conspecific male increased the probability that a N. orbicollis female would control the carcass. As a result, paired females experienced four times the reproductive success of single females. In addition. the injury rate of paired N. orbicollis females was 40% lower than that of single females. Nicrophorus pustulatus females that were excluded from a carcass were successful brood parasites on 31% of carcasses controlled by N. orbicollis. Parasitism by N. pustulatus resulted in a decrease in the total mass of N. orbicollis broods. By presenting a N. orbicollis female with heterospecific first instar larvae at one of two stages in the parental cycle. it was determined that a female will accept heterospecific young that arrive on the carcass at the 'expected' time. but will cannibalize young that arrive more than 20 h before her own eggs hatch. These results suggest that interspecific competition can promote the origin of biparental cooperation in organisms which prepare a discrete and valuable resource for young.