Anaerobic soil disinfestation with incorporation of straw and manure significantly increases greenhouse gases emission and reduces nitrate leaching while increasing leaching of dissolved organic N.
Anaerobic soil disinfestation with incorporation of straw and manure significantly increases greenhouse gases emission and reduces nitrate leaching while increasing leaching of dissolved organic N.
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掺入秸秆和粪肥的厌氧土壤消毒显着增加了温室气体排放，减少了硝酸盐淋溶，同时增加了溶解性有机氮的淋溶
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147307
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Butterbach-Bahl K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhao Y;Wan Li;Qasim W;Butterbach-Bahl K
中国温室蔬菜生产多采用过量施氮和大水灌溉。这造成了严重的土壤退化和土壤传播疾病的蔓延。作为防治土壤传播疾病的对策，在夏季休耕期采用厌氧土壤消毒（ASD）。目前的做法包括有机碳源的结合，用塑料膜覆盖土壤和洪水灌溉。然而，农民在ASD中除了施用秸秆外，还施用有机肥，这可能导致大量温室气体排放和氮淋失。在夏季休耕期间，在温室进行了3种ASD做法对土壤GHG （N2O、co2和CH4）排放和N淋溶的影响试验：1)对照（CK）、裸土、不ASD；2)无秸秆植入ASD (ASD- s)；3) ASD+秸秆混合（ASD+S）和4)ASD+秸秆和鸡粪混合（ASD+SM）。施用任何形式的ASD都会导致N2O排放量从大约1 kg N ha−1个月−1增加到10.7 (ASD) -47.0 (ASD+SM) kg N ha−1个月−1。此外，ASD处理的N淋失量为24.1-54.2 kg N ha - 1月- 1，以ASD- s处理的N淋失量最高。然而，虽然ASD-S中的N浸出仅以NO3−的形式存在，但在ASD+S和ASD+SM中，DON浸出约占总N浸出的12-20%。总体而言，ASD+SM的环境N损失最大，主要以N2O排放为主。这突出了建议农民和决策者在ASD期间禁止使用鸡粪而不是稻草，优化灌溉方案而不是洪水灌溉以减少环境氮损失的必要性。采用更环保的ASD做法肯定有助于提高温室蔬菜生产的可持续性。
Greenhouse vegetable production in China mostly involves excessive N fertilization and flood irrigation. This causes serious soil degradation and spreading of soil borne diseases. As a countermeasure against soil borne diseases anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is applied during the summer fallow period. Current practices involve the incorporation of organic C sources, covering of the soil with plastic film and flood irrigation. However, farmers not only apply straw but also organic manure in ASD which may result in significant greenhouse gas emissions and N leaching. A field experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during the summer fallow period to test the impact of three ASD practices on soil GHG (N2O, CO2and CH4) emissions and N leaching: 1) control (CK), bare soil, no ASD; 2) ASD without straw incorporation (ASD-S); 3) ASD plus straw incorporation (ASD+S) and 4) ASD plus straw and chicken manure incorporation (ASD+SM). Applying any form of ASD resulted in an increase in N2O emissions from approximately 1 kg N ha−1month−1to 10.7 (ASD)–47.0 (ASD+SM) kg N ha−1month−1. Furthermore, N leaching from treatments of ASD ranged from 24.1–54.2 kg N ha−1month−1, with highest values in ASD-S. However, while N leaching in ASD-S was solely in the form of NO3−, DON leaching was with approximately 12–20% a significant component of total N leaching in ASD+S and ASD+SM. Overall, ASD+SM showed the highest environmental N losses, which were dominated by N2O emissions. This highlights the need to advise farmers and policy makers to ban the incorporation of chicken manure instead of straw only during the ASD period and to optimize irrigation schemes instead of flood irrigation to reduce environmental N losses. Putting in more environmental sound ASD practices will certainly help to improve the sustainability of greenhouse vegetable production.