An investigation into contemporary online anti-feminist movements
An investigation into contemporary online anti-feminist movements
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对当代网络反女权主义运动的调查
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
Angela J. Nagle
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作者：
Angela J. Nagle
在互联网流行的早期，本着唐娜·哈拉威（Donna Harraway）的《赛博格宣言》（Cyborg Manifesto，1985）的精神，许多当时被称为“赛博女权主义者”的理论家对其女性解放的潜力持乐观态度（Plant 1998，Spender 1995）。这是对信息时代及其民主和经济潜力的更广泛乐观浪潮的一部分（Wellman 1988，Castells 1996，Negroponte 1995，Kelly 1998）。虽然大量批评文献的出现是为了回应通常被视为乌托邦的叙事（Van Zoonen 2001，Henwood 2003，Barbrook 和 Cameron 1995），但这种早期乌托邦和网络女权主义的热情近年来在大众政治和文化讨论中再次出现，包括被描述为一系列社交媒体革命的阿拉伯之春、以互联网为中心的占领运动的出现、 “黑客行动主义”和网络女权主义的爆发（Penny 2013，Mason 2011）。然而，随着女权主义乐观主义的复兴，反女权主义网络文化的增长也受到了较少的讨论。以前在公共领域不可想象的厌女症表达现在以匿名方式出现在推特等流行社交媒体平台上。有趣的是，这种新的越轨反女权主义比过去的保守主义、亲家庭或男性权利更被认为是反文化的，它的所在地，一个名为 4chan/b/ 的臭名昭著的禁忌论坛，也是被称为“匿名者”的黑客和平等主义占领运动象征意义的起源点。参考现有的关于网络厌女症和反女权主义的分析（Shaw 2014，Jane 2014，Penny 2014）以及相关极客和黑客在线空间（Coleman 2014，Phillips 2012），并借鉴有关历史文化相似之处的大量文献（Reynolds and Press 1995），本研究旨在调查这种越界的反文化认同的反女权主义，以找出了解它的起源并解开它的文化政治。
In the early years of the popular internet, in the spirit of Donna Harraway’s Cyborg Manifesto (1985), many theorists then called “cyberfeminists” were optimistic about its potential for women’s liberation (Plant 1998, Spender 1995). This came as part of a broader wave of optimism about the information age and its democratic and economic potential (Wellman 1988, Castells 1996, Negroponte 1995, Kelly 1998). While a significant body of critical literature emerged in response to what was seen as a utopian narrative in general (Van Zoonen 2001, Henwood 2003, Barbrook and Cameron 1995), much of this early utopian and cyberfeminist fervour has seen a re- emergence in popular political and cultural discussion again in recent years, with the Arab Spring, framed as a series of social media revolutions, the emergence of the internet-centric Occupy movement, “hacktivism” and the explosion of online feminism (Penny 2013, Mason 2011). However, along with this renewed feminist optimism, there had also been a less discussed growth of anti-feminist online cultures. Expressions of misogyny previously unthinkable in the public sphere now appear anonymously on popular social media platforms, such as Twitter. Interestingly, this new transgressive antifeminism identifies as countercultural more than conservative and pro-family or men’s rights based as it has done in the past, and its locus, an infamous taboo- busting forum called 4chan/b/, is also the point of origin of the hackers known as Anonymous and of the symbolism of the egalitarian Occupy movement. With reference to existing analyses on online misogyny and anti-feminism (Shaw 2014, Jane 2014, Penny 2014) on the relevant geek and hacker online spaces (Coleman 2014, Phillips 2012) and drawing on a wealth of literature about historical cultural parallels (Reynolds and Press 1995) this study aims to investigate this transgressive countercultural-identifying antifeminism, to locate it, understand its origins and to unpack its cultural politics.