Shock Cities: The Environmental Transformation and Reform of Manchester and Chicago
Shock Cities: The Environmental Transformation and Reform of Manchester and Chicago
复制标题
冲击城市：曼彻斯特和芝加哥的环境转型与改革
DOI：
10.2307/30036788
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
H. Platt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Platt
《震撼城市》是环境史上的最高境界。这项搜索工作是第一次跨越大西洋的研究，从整体上考察这座工业城市，观察其土地、水和空气的变化。哈罗德·L·普拉特展示了工业生态的创造如何刺激城市地区重组为独立的领域，中心不健康的贫民窟和郊区的花园庄园。通过比较芝加哥和曼彻斯特，普拉特还展示了统治阶级如何管理城市空间的政治创造，以确保经济利益，往往以损害这两个地区的环境为代价。《震撼城市》还在一个更大的自然框架内重塑了工业时代。可怕的流行病和非自然的“自然灾害”迫使城市居民走上了环境改革的道路。芝加哥的简·亚当斯和曼彻斯特的查尔斯·罗利等争取社会正义的斗士领导了阶级桥梁运动，以清理贫民窟。女性活动家和其他“市政管家”推动了减少空气污染的法规。公共卫生专家指导了改善卫生条件的努力。在这些改革运动中，进步派形成了新的环境保护和区域规划概念。普拉特比较了这两个城市，强调了政治文化和制度如何将社会地理转变为地面上的物理形状。这种对城市空间政治形态的关注有助于阐明社会和环境正义的问题。《震撼城市》将对西方世界的生态、技术、城市规划和公共卫生专业的学生产生巨大的价值。
"Shock Cities" is environmental history of the highest order. This searching work is the first trans-Atlantic study to examine the industrial city in holistic terms, looking at the transformation of its land, water, and air. Harold L. Platt demonstrates how the creation of industrial ecologies spurred the reorganization of urban areas into separate spheres, unhealthy slums in the center and garden estates in the suburbs. By comparing Chicago and Manchester, Platt also shows how the ruling classes managed the political creation of urban space to ensure financial gain often to the environmental detriment of both regions. "Shock Cities" also recasts the age of industry within a larger frame of nature. Frightening epidemics and unnatural "natural disasters" forced the city dwellers onto the path of environmental reform. Crusaders for social justice such as Chicago's Jane Addams and Manchester's Charles Rowley led class-bridging campaigns to clean up the slums. Women activists and other "municipal housekeepers" promoted regulations to reduce air pollution. Public health experts directed efforts to improve sanitation. Out of these reform movements, the Progressives formulated new concepts of environmental conservation and regional planning. Comparing the two cities, Platt highlights the ways in which political culture and institutions act to turn social geography into physical shapes on the ground. This focus on the political formation of urban space helps illuminate questions of social and environmental justice. "Shock Cities" will be of enormous value to students of ecology, technology, urban planning, and public health in the Western world."