Commensal ecology, urban landscapes, and their influence on the genetic characteristics of city-dwelling Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus).
Commensal ecology, urban landscapes, and their influence on the genetic characteristics of city-dwelling Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus).
复制标题
共生的生态学，城市景观及其对城市居民挪威大鼠（Rattus Norvegicus）的遗传特征的影响。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04232.x
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Glass GE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gardner-Santana LC;Norris DE;Fornadel CM;Hinson ER;Klein SL;Glass GE
个体的流动促进了新地区的殖民，促进了当地人口之间的基因流动，并对传染病病原体的传播和害虫物种的控制产生了影响。野生挪威鼠在高度城市化的地区很常见，但令人惊讶的是，人们对它们的种群结构知之甚少。我们从马里兰州巴尔的摩的11个地点采集了个体样本，以表征城市内不同地区之间的基因结构和基因流动的程度。聚类法和基于成对遗传距离的邻接树支持了市中心的东西划分，以及由历史上较新的遗址组成的第三个聚类。大多数个体(~95%)被分配到他们的捕获区，这表明了很强的地点保真度。此外，鼠类的轴向散布距离(62m)落在典型巷子长度内。几只老鼠被分配到2-11.5公里外的区域，这表明虽然不经常，但在城市中有一些长距离的活动。虽然个人行动似乎有限(30-150米)，但最远1.7公里的地点是由亲属组成的。中等的FST、识别的簇之间的分化和高度的等位基因多样性表明，无论是通过招募还是迁移，规律的基因流动阻止了隔离。因此，城市地区共栖啮齿动物的生态和挪威鼠的生活史特征可能抵消了隔离或创始事件的许多预期影响。了解居住在城市地区的老鼠种群的连通性水平可以提供有关老鼠种群可能传播疾病、入侵新区域或从现有区域根除而不重新入侵的空间规模的信息。
Movement of individuals promotes colonization of new areas, gene flow among local populations, and has implications for the spread of infectious agents and the control of pest species. Wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) are common in highly urbanized areas but surprisingly little is known of their population structure. We sampled individuals from 11 locations within Baltimore, Maryland, to characterize the genetic structure and extent of gene flow between areas within the city. Clustering methods and a neighbour-joining tree based on pairwise genetic distances supported an east–west division in the inner city, and a third cluster comprised of historically more recent sites. Most individuals (~95%) were assigned to their area of capture, indicating strong site fidelity. Moreover, the axial dispersal distance of rats (62 m) fell within typical alley length. Several rats were assigned to areas 2–11.5 km away, indicating some, albeit infrequent, long-distance movement within the city. Although individual movement appears to be limited (30–150 m), locations up to 1.7 km are comprised of relatives. Moderate FST, differentiation between identified clusters, and high allelic diversity indicate that regular gene flow, either via recruitment or migration, has prevented isolation. Therefore, ecology of commensal rodents in urban areas and life-history characteristics of Norway rats likely counteract many expected effects of isolation or founder events. An understanding of levels of connectivity of rat populations inhabiting urban areas provides information about the spatial scale at which populations of rats may spread disease, invade new areas, or be eradicated from an existing area without reinvasion.