Vaccines against gonorrhea: current status and future challenges.
Vaccines against gonorrhea: current status and future challenges.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.067
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发表时间：
2014-03-20
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Russell MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jerse AE;Bash MC;Russell MW
淋病在世界各地发病率很高，严重影响生殖健康和人类免疫缺陷病毒的传播。目前的控制措施不足，并受到抗生素耐药性迅速出现的严重威胁。淋病疫苗的进展缓慢；然而，最近的进展证明在这一领域作出重大努力是合理的。保守的疫苗抗原已被确定可引发杀菌抗体，或在可能通过疫苗诱导反应靶向的发病机制中发挥关键作用。小鼠生殖道感染模型可用于系统检测抗原、免疫途径和佐剂，转基因小鼠的存在减轻了一些宿主的限制。此外，利用人类细胞和小鼠模型阐明了淋病奈瑟菌避免诱导保护性适应性反应的机制。在小鼠中诱导Th1应答清除感染并诱导记忆应答，这表明Th1诱导佐剂可能是疫苗诱导保护的关键。这一领域的后续研究应包括人体试验和临床研究，以证实或否定实验系统的发现，并确定保护性宿主因素。
Gonorrhea occurs at high incidence throughout the world and significantly impacts reproductive health and the spread of human immunodeficiency virus. Current control measures are inadequate and seriously threatened by the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance. Progress on gonorrhea vaccines has been slow; however, recent advances justify significant effort in this area. Conserved vaccine antigens have been identified that elicit bactericidal antibodies and, or play key roles in pathogenesis that could be targeted by a vaccine-induced response. A murine genital tract infection model is available for systematic testing of antigens, immunization routes and adjuvants, and transgenic mice exist to relieve some host restrictions. Furthermore, mechanisms by which N. gonorrhoeae avoids inducing a protective adaptive response are being elucidated using human cells and the mouse model. Induction of a Th1 response in mice clears infection and induces a memory response, which suggests Th1-inducing adjuvants may be key in vaccine-induced protection. Continued research in this area should include human testing and clinical studies to confirm or negate findings from experimental systems and to define protective host factors.