Ontogenetic histology of Apatosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda):: New insights on growth rates and longevity
Ontogenetic histology of Apatosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda):: New insights on growth rates and longevity
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DOI：
10.1080/02724634.1999.10011179
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发表时间：
1999-12-13
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Curry, KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Curry, KA
迷惑龙桡骨、尺骨和肩胛骨的个体发育系列的骨显微结构表明迷惑龙经历了三个不同的成骨阶段。初级板层到丛状纤维板层骨组织，缺乏生长停滞线（LAG），出现在高达91%成人大小的个体中。LAGs和纵向血管化的板层组织首次沉积在亚成体个体的外部皮质中。缓慢的生长和额外的沉积的增生板层骨发生在成年期，这表明达到最大的大小在迷惑龙。所有的肩胛骨检查显示周期性的血管指示成骨速度的规律变化。与此相反，桡骨迷惑龙和尺骨迷惑龙在整个个体发育过程中显示出一致的骨骼沉积速率。尽管元素间的变异，所有的迷惑龙骨骼样本证实了持续快速增长率的大部分个体发育，然后逐渐下降，达到最大尺寸的假设。大型亚成体的年龄估计接近10岁，这驳斥了迷惑龙和其他蜥脚类恐龙需要缓慢、不确定的生长才能达到极大体型的假设。
The bone microstructure of an ontogenetic series of Apatosaurus radii, ulnae, and scapulas suggests that Apatosaurus underwent three distinct osteogenic phases. Primary laminar to plexiform fibro-lamellar bone tissue, devoid of lines of arrested growth (LAG), occurs in individuals up to 91% adult size. LAGs and longitudinally vascularized lamellar tissue are deposited for the first time in the external cortices of sub-adult individuals. Slow growth and additional deposition of accretionary lamellar bone occurs in adulthood, and indicates attainment of maximum size in Apatosaurus. All scapulae examined show cyclicity in vascularity indicative of regular variation in speeds of osteogenesis. In contrast, Apatosaurus radii and ulnae show consistent bone depositional rates throughout ontogeny. Despite inter-element variability, all Apatosaurus bones sampled corroborate the hypothesis of sustained rapid growth rates for most of ontogeny, followed by gradual decline with attainment of maximum size. Estimation of ages of similar to 10 years for large sub-adults refutes the hypothesis that slow, indeterminate growth was required for Apatosaurus and other sauropods to achieve extremely large body sizes.