EFFECT OF X-RAYS AND GAMMA-RAYS ON SYNTHETIC POLYMERS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
EFFECT OF X-RAYS AND GAMMA-RAYS ON SYNTHETIC POLYMERS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
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DOI：
10.1002/pol.1957.1202310331
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发表时间：
1957-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
CHARLESBY, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ALEXANDER, P;CHARLESBY, A
研究了电离辐射（X射线和γ射线）对以下乙烯基聚合物水溶液的影响：聚甲基丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺、聚苯乙烯磺酸盐、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚乙烯醇。在稀溶液中（对于所用聚合物样品<0.3%），所有聚合物均通过主链断裂降解，尽管在某些情况下必须存在溶解氧。在其他情况下，降解发生在仔细脱氧的溶液中，但由于氧气的存在而增加。聚苯乙烯磺酸盐的分解与氧无关。在较高浓度下，交联成为所有研究的聚合物的主要作用，但聚甲基丙烯酸和离子化聚丙烯酸除外，它们在所有浓度下都会降解。已经研究了产生凝胶所需的辐射剂量作为浓度的函数，并通过最小值。在低于约0.4%的最小聚合物浓度时不发生凝胶形成。结果不能解释的基础上，通过在水中形成的自由基的间接作用导致降解，而直接能量吸收的聚合物本身产生交联。研究了其他可能的机制。添加的物质降低辐照有效性的方式（即，保护）进行了简要讨论。
A study has been made of the effect of ionizing radiation (x‐ and γ‐rays) on aqueous solution of the following vinyl polymers: polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polystyrene sulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyvinyl alcohol. In dilute solutions (<0.3% for the samples of polymer used) all the polymers are degraded by main chain fracture although in some cases dissolved oxygen has to be present. In others, degradation occurs in carefully deoxygenated solution but is increased by the presence of oxygen. The breakdown of polystyrene sulfonate is independent of oxygen. At higher concentration, crosslinking becomes the dominant action for all the polymers studied with the exception of polymethacrylic acid and ionized polyacrylic acid, which degrade at all concentrations. The dose of radiation necessary to produce a gel has been studied as a function of concentration and passes through a minimum. No gel formation occurs below a minimum polymer concentration of about 0.4%. The results cannot be explained on the basis that indirect action by the free radicals formed in the water leads to degradation while direct energy uptake by the polymer itself produces crosslinking. Other possible mechanisms are examined. The manner by which added substances reduce the effectiveness of irradiation (i.e., protect) is discussed briefly.