Environmental justice implications of reduced reporting requirements of the Toxics Release Inventory Burden Reduction Rule
Environmental justice implications of reduced reporting requirements of the Toxics Release Inventory Burden Reduction Rule
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DOI：
10.1021/es7028119
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Edwards, Sharon E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miranda, Marie Lynn;Keating, Martha H.;Edwards, Sharon E.
本文介绍了一种地理信息系统（GIS）的方法来评估环境正义的影响，有毒物质释放清单（TRI）的负担减少规则，这是由美国环境保护署在2006年12月的授权下，应急规划和社区知情权法案1986年。该规则规定，符合某些较高报告门槛的工业设施无需提交关于所使用、排放或作为废物管理的化学品数量的详细报告。我们的分析方法研究人口特征的1，3，和5公里的缓冲区周围的地理参考设施的位置，应用于国家，地区和州的规模。基于距离的地理信息系统分析表明，有资格减少报告的TRI设施更有可能位于少数民族和低收入居民比例较高的社区附近。与贫困人口的百分比相比，少数民族和5岁以下少数民族的百分比差异更为明显，人口统计学差异在日益明确的地理尺度上更为明显。
This paper presents a geographic information systems (GIS) methodology for evaluating the environmental justice implications of the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Burden Reduction Rule, which was issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in December 2006 under the authority of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986. This rule exempts industrial facilities meeting certain higher reporting thresholds from filing detailed reports about the quantities of chemicals used, released, or managed as waste. Our analytical approach examines demographic characteristics within a 1, 3, and 5 km buffer around a georeferenced facility location, applied on a national, regional, and state scale. The distance-based GIS analysis demonstrates that TRI facilities that are eligible for reduced reporting are more likely to be located in proximity to communities with a higher percentage of minority and low-income residents. The differences are more pronounced for percent minority and percent minority under age 5 in comparison to percent in poverty, and the demographic differences are more apparent at increasingly resolved geographic scales.