Contributorship and division of labor in knowledge production
Contributorship and division of labor in knowledge production
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0306312716650046
复制
发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Sugimoto, Cassidy R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lariviere, Vincent;Desrochers, Nadine;Sugimoto, Cassidy R.
科学著作权越来越多地得到贡献声明的补充。虽然这种声明据说可以确保更公平的信用和责任归属，但它们也提供了一个机会，可以审查作者在知识构建中发挥的作用和功能，以及这些作用与作者身份之间的关系。本文利用包含87，002篇论文的综合性多学科数据集，分析了不同学科之间的分工形式、不同类型的论文之间的关系，以及论文类型与作者资历的各种指标之间的关系。它表明，科学工作在医学学科中的分布比在数学、物理学和社会科学学科中的分布更高，而且，除了医学之外，论文的写作是最常与作者身份相关的任务。结果表明，可以被标记为“技术”的贡献和那些可以被认为是概念性的贡献之间存在明显的区别：虽然概念性任务通常与资历较高的作者相关，但技术性任务更经常由年轻学者执行。最后，研究结果提供了证据的U形关系的贡献程度和作者顺序：在所有学科，第一和最后的作者通常比中间作者贡献更多的任务。最后，本文讨论了这些结果对科学奖励制度的影响。
Scientific authorship has been increasingly complemented with contributorship statements. While such statements are said to ensure more equitable credit and responsibility attribution, they also provide an opportunity to examine the roles and functions that authors play in the construction of knowledge and the relationship between these roles and authorship order. Drawing on a comprehensive and multidisciplinary dataset of 87,002 documents in which contributorship statements are found, this article examines the forms that division of labor takes across disciplines, the relationships between various types of contributions, as well as the relationships between the contribution types and various indicators of authors' seniority. It shows that scientific work is more highly divided in medical disciplines than in mathematics, physics, and disciplines of the social sciences, and that, with the exception of medicine, the writing of the paper is the task most often associated with authorship. The results suggest a clear distinction between contributions that could be labeled as technical' and those that could be considered conceptual': While conceptual tasks are typically associated with authors with higher seniority, technical tasks are more often performed by younger scholars. Finally, results provide evidence of a U-shaped relationship between extent of contribution and author order: In all disciplines, first and last authors typically contribute to more tasks than middle authors. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results for the reward system of science.