Work and prudence: Household responses to income variation in nineteenth-century Britain
Work and prudence: Household responses to income variation in nineteenth-century Britain
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工作与谨慎：十九世纪英国家庭对收入变化的反应
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Oxley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Horrell;D. Oxley
1889- 1890年对工业家庭进行的一项调查被用来调查参与自助组织的情况，如疾病和死亡福利俱乐部和友好协会，并检查支出是否对帮助家庭度过收入危机很重要。正式的自助被假设为支持男性养家糊口的家庭形式，减少依赖一种收入来源的风险。这里的结果表明，那些有多个收入者的家庭购买了大部分保险，并且在逆境导致男性收入下降时，也求助于非正式策略，例如从其他家庭成员那里吸引更多的劳动力参与，并节省租金。那些依靠男性养家糊口的人变得脆弱。她们投保较少，福利不足以弥补收入不足，也无法通过劳动力市场战略弥补赤字。正式的自助是家庭就业的补充，而不是替代。
A survey of industrial households conducted in 1889–90 is used to investigate participation in self-help organisations, such as sickness and death benefit clubs and friendly societies, and to examine whether payouts were important in seeing families through earnings crises. Formal self-help has been hypothesised to underpin the male breadwinner family form, reducing the risk incumbent in reliance on one source of earnings. The results here show that those households with multiple earners took out most insurance and also had recourse to informal strategies, such as eliciting greater labour force participation from other family members and economising on rent, when adversity carried male earnings down. Those reliant on a male breadwinner were left vulnerable. They insured less, benefits were insufficient to make up earnings shortfalls and they were unable to compensate for deficits through labour market strategies. Formal self-help was a complement to, not a substitute for, family employment.