Exposures to thoracic particulate matter, endotoxin, and glucan during post-Hurricane Katrina restoration work, New Orleans 2005-2012.
Exposures to thoracic particulate matter, endotoxin, and glucan during post-Hurricane Katrina restoration work, New Orleans 2005-2012.
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2005-2012 年新奥尔良卡特里娜飓风后恢复工作期间胸部颗粒物、内毒素和葡聚糖的暴露。
DOI：
10.1080/15459624.2013.839879
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Lefante,JohnJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rando,RoyJ;Kwon,Cheol-Woong;Lefante,JohnJ
2005年8月，卡特里娜飓风摧毁了新奥尔良市，灾后重建工作人员因接触空气中的颗粒物和微生物而面临呼吸道疾病的风险。为了支持对这种风险的流行病学调查，从2005年到2012年，对恢复工作活动（拆除、垃圾和碎片管理、景观恢复、下水道/水管维修和霉菌修复）进行了暴露评估。2005年和2006年，职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）的数据（n = 730）的个人和区域监测的总和呼吸性粉尘暴露的恢复工人进行了访问和分析。最重要的接触是拆除工作，2005年平均呼吸性粉尘接触超过2.5 mg/m3的行动水平，17.6%的接触超过允许接触限值（PEL）（5 mg/m3）。从2007年至2012年（n = 774），对胸部颗粒物进行了额外的个人和区域监测，并对样本进行了内毒素和（1→3，1→6）-β-D-葡聚糖（n = 202）分析。为了将OSHA数据与后来的监测数据相结合，开发了三个独立的预测模型，以将总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘测量值转换为等效胸粉尘。三种模型没有统计学差异，建模结果与三种模型中每种模型估计的工作活动中胸部粉尘平均值的总体变异系数16%一致。总体而言，胸部粉尘暴露水平在卡特里娜飓风后的第一年内下降了约一个数量级，然后逐渐下降并稳定到2012年。2005年内毒素和微生物葡聚糖的估计平均暴露量分别高达256 EU/m3和118 μg/m3，2005年后也出现了大幅下降和稳定。这一暴露评估的结果支持先前发表的报告，包括鼻窦炎，中毒性肺炎，卡特里娜咳嗽的恢复工人在飓风后的几年中。
In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, which devastated the city of New Orleans in August 2005, restoration workers were at risk for respiratory illness from exposure to airborne particles and microbial agents. In support of an epidemiologic investigation of this risk, an exposure assessment for restoration work activities (demolition, trash & debris management, landscape restoration, sewer/waterline repair, and mold remediation) was performed from 2005 to 2012. For 2005 and 2006, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) data (n = 730) for personal and area monitoring of total and respirable dust exposures of restoration workers were accessed and analyzed. The most significant exposures were for demolition work, with average respirable dust exposures in 2005 above the action level of 2.5 mg/m3and 17.6% of exposures exceeding the permissible exposure limit (PEL) (5 mg/m3). Additional personal and area monitoring for thoracic particulate matter was performed from 2007 to 2012 (n = 774) and samples were assayed for endotoxin and (1→3, 1→6)-β-D-glucan (n = 202). In order to integrate the OSHA data with the later monitoring data, three independent predictive models were developed to convert total and respirable dust measures into the equivalent thoracic dust. The three models were not statistically different and the modeling results were in good agreement with an overall coefficient of variation of 16% for the thoracic dust means across work activities estimated by each of the three models. Overall, thoracic dust exposure levels decreased by about an order of magnitude within the first year after Katrina and then more gradually declined and stabilized through 2012. Estimated average exposures to endotoxin and microbial glucan in 2005 were as high as 256 EU/m3and 118 μg/m3, respectively, and likewise were seen to decrease dramatically and stabilize after 2005. The results of this exposure assessment support previously published reports of respiratory illness including sinusitis, toxic pneumonitis, and Katrina Cough among restoration workers in the years immediately after the hurricane.