A dynastic elite in monumental Neolithic society
A dynastic elite in monumental Neolithic society
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-020-2378-6
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发表时间：
2020-06-18
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Bradley, Daniel G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cassidy, Lara M.;Maolduin, Ros O.;Bradley, Daniel G.
新石器时代欧洲政治权力的性质和分布仍然知之甚少（1）。在这一时期，许多社会开始大量投资建造纪念碑，这表明社会组织的增加。沿着大西洋海岸的巨石建筑的规模和复杂性，在大通道墓群中达到顶峰，特别令人印象深刻（2）。虽然合作意识形态经常被强调为巨石建造的驱动力（1），但建造最大纪念碑所需的人力支出使一些研究人员强调等级制度（3）-其中最极端的情况是一个小精英组织群众的劳动。在这里，我们提出的证据表明，这种类型的社会阶层是建立在新石器时代的爱尔兰。我们对44个完整的基因组进行了采样，其中我们从纽格兰奇通道坟墓最精致的凹槽中发现的遗骸中确定了一级乱伦联盟的成年儿子。这种性质的社会认可的交配非常罕见，几乎只在政治宗教精英中有记录（4-），特别是在由神王领导的一夫多妻制和父系皇家家庭中（5，6）。我们确定了这个人的亲属在另外两个主要复杂的通道墓150公里以西的纽格兰奇，以及饮食差异和精细尺度的单倍型结构（这是前所未有的分辨率为史前人口）之间的通道墓样本和较大的数据集，这意味着层次结构。这种精英出现的背景下，迅速的海上殖民，取代了独特的中石器时代孤立的人口，虽然我们也发现了罕见的爱尔兰狩猎采集渐渗的新石器时代的人口。
The nature and distribution of political power in Europe during the Neolithic era remains poorly understood(1). During this period, many societies began to invest heavily in building monuments, which suggests an increase in social organization. The scale and sophistication of megalithic architecture along the Atlantic seaboard, culminating in the great passage tomb complexes, is particularly impressive(2). Although co-operative ideology has often been emphasised as a driver of megalith construction(1), the human expenditure required to erect the largest monuments has led some researchers to emphasize hierarchy(3)-of which the most extreme case is a small elite marshalling the labour of the masses. Here we present evidence that a social stratum of this type was established during the Neolithic period in Ireland. We sampled 44 whole genomes, among which we identify the adult son of a first-degree incestuous union from remains that were discovered within the most elaborate recess of the Newgrange passage tomb. Socially sanctioned matings of this nature are very rare, and are documented almost exclusively among politico-religious elites(4-)specifically within polygynous and patrilineal royal families that are headed by god-kings(5,6). We identify relatives of this individual within two other major complexes of passage tombs 150 km to the west of Newgrange, as well as dietary differences and fine-scale haplotypic structure (which is unprecedented in resolution for a prehistoric population) between passage tomb samples and the larger dataset, which together imply hierarchy. This elite emerged against a backdrop of rapid maritime colonization that displaced a unique Mesolithic isolate population, although we also detected rare Irish hunter-gatherer introgression within the Neolithic population.