Local Ownership and Donor Performance Monitoring: New Aid Relationships in Tanzania?
Local Ownership and Donor Performance Monitoring: New Aid Relationships in Tanzania?
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当地所有权和捐助者绩效监测：坦桑尼亚的新援助关系？
DOI：
10.1080/14649880220147338
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Helleiner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Helleiner
坦桑尼亚最近在“援助关系”方面取得的显著发展以及对援助捐助者和受援者的业绩进行监测的情况始于1994年初，当时是坦桑尼亚第一任总统朱利叶斯·尼雷尔的直接继任者姆维尼总统执政期间。对坦桑尼亚行政管理不善、腐败、民主进程不足和预算管理不善的看法，加上当时的财政部长（基戈马·马利马）有点易怒的个性，似乎导致援助捐助界对坦桑尼亚政府的不满和不信任达到了前所未有的程度。与此同时，坦桑尼亚政府认为，援助捐助者的干涉和要求不适当，而且不能或不愿意兑现承诺。财政部长马利马曾公开指责坦桑尼亚糟糕的宏观经济表现（包括1993-94年超过30%的通货膨胀率）是捐助者未能兑现承诺的结果，指责捐助者认为这是他自己管理不善的结果。尽管坦桑尼亚从1986年起通过相当正统的稳定和结构调整政策恢复了相对的国际货币基金组织/世界银行的体面，但“援助关系”当时处于危险状态。丹麦政府对这种情况感到绝望，开始与坦桑尼亚政府进行讨论，以期进行可能的调解努力。其直接结果是成立了一个5人“独立小组”，其成员由坦桑尼亚政府同意，以调查出了什么问题，以及如何纠正这种情况。该小组由两名坦桑尼亚人和三名非坦桑尼亚籍学者（一名英国人、一名丹麦人和一名加拿大主席）组成，两人都不为政府工作。他们的职权范围很广。其中包括工作组的总体目标，如确定“如何使合作努力更有效率”，查明“制约.的因素”。可以由政府、捐助者或共同伙伴减少”，并评估“整个援助方案的相关性和有效性”。值得注意的是，他们具体提到工作组需要澄清“所有权”的概念，
The story of the remarkable recent developments in "aid relationships" and the initiation of aiddonor as well as aid-recipient performance monitoring in Tanzania begins early in 1994, during the administration of President Mwinyi, the immediate successor to Tanzania's first President, Julius Nyerere. Perceptions of poor administration, corruption, inadequacy of democratic processes, and budget mismanagement in Tanzania, together, it seems, with the somewhat prickly personality of the then Finance Minister (Kighoma Malima) led to an unprecedented degree of annoyance with and mistrust of the Tanzania Government on the part of the aid donor community. At the same time the Government of Tanzania saw aid donors as inappropriately intrusive and demanding, and unable or unwilling to deliver on promises. Finance Minister Malima had publicly blamed Tanzania's poor macro-economic performance (including an inflation rate of over 30% in 1993-94) upon the failure of donors to deliver on their promises, infuriating the donors who perceived it, rather, as the product of his own mismanagement. Despite the Tanzanians' return to relative IMF/World Bank respectability via fairly orthodox stabilization and structural adjustment policies from 1986 onwards, the "aid relationship" was at that time in a perilous state. Despairing of this situation, the Government of Denmark initiated discussions with the Government of Tanzania with a view to possible mediation efforts. The immediate outcome was the creation of a 5-person "independent group", the membership of which was to be agreed by the Government of Tanzania, to investigate what had gone wrong and what might be done to rectify the situation. The group was made up of two Tanzanians, neither of whom worked for the Government, and three non-Tanzanian academics (one British, one Danish, and a Canadian chairman). Their terms of reference were broad. They included such overall objectives for the group as ascertaining "how cooperation efforts could be made more efficient", identifying "constraints which...could be reduced by GOT, the donors, or by the partners in common" and assessing "the relevance and effectiveness of the totality of aid programmes". It is noteworthy that they made specific reference to the need for clarification by the group of the concept of "ownership" which,