Simple nonlethal identification criteria for two endangered freshwater pearl mussels, Margaritifera laevis and Margaritifera togakushiensis , in Hokkaido, northern Japan
Simple nonlethal identification criteria for two endangered freshwater pearl mussels, Margaritifera laevis and Margaritifera togakushiensis , in Hokkaido, northern Japan
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日本北部北海道两种濒危淡水珍珠贝（Margaritifera laevis 和 Margaritifera togakushiensis）的简单非致死鉴定标准
DOI：
10.1111/1440-1703.12038
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Nakamura Futoshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miura Kazuki;Ishiyama Nobuo;Kawajiri Keita;Atsumi Keisuke;Tachibana Michikusa;Nagasaka Yu;Machida Yoshiyasu;Yiyang Gao;Negishi Junjiro N.;Koizumi Itsuro;Nakamura Futoshi
物种鉴定是生态学研究和保护实践中的一个基本过程，简单的非致死性鉴定标准对于濒危物种的鉴定具有重要意义。本研究基于线性判别函数（LDFs）建立了两种濒危淡水珍珠贻贝（Margaritifera laevisandMargaritifera togakushiensis）的物种识别标准，该标准考虑了来自日本北方北海道的种内区域形态差异。我们从两个地理区域（东部和西部）的32个流域的52条河流中共收集了1,110只贻贝。壳形态（长度，高度和宽度）的收集贻贝进行了测量，然后通过16 S rRNA聚合酶链反应产物的凝胶电泳带型进行种属鉴定。LDFs构建了两个大小类（≥40 mm和< 40 mm），使用前向逐步程序，以确定两个物种之间的关键形态差异，并考虑区域形态差异是否提高识别精度。LDFs显示，这两个物种的形态是明确区分的高度和长度之间的关系，为两个大小类。区域特异性LDFs产生更好的识别准确性。不分地域，M. laev> 100 mm，而M. togakushiensis长度< 100 mm。所建立的LDF的识别精度对于五个长度等级（0-20 mm、20-40 mm、40-60 mm、60-80 mm和80-100 mm）中的每一个都很高，东部的准确度为85-96%（平均值：92%），西部为67-96%（平均值：80%）。这些物种鉴定标准将推动未来淡水贻贝的生态研究和保护实践。
Species identification is a fundamental process for ecological studies and conservation practices, and simple nonlethal identification criteria are important for endangered species. This study developed species identification criteria for two endangered freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera laevisandMargaritifera togakushiensis) based on linear discriminant functions (LDFs) that were established considering intraspecific regional morphological differences from sites at Hokkaido, northern Japan. We collected a total of 1,110 mussels from 52 rivers across 32 watersheds in two geographical regions (east and west). Shell morphologies (length, height, and width) of the collected mussels were measured, followed by species identification with gel electrophoresis banding patterns of 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction products. LDFs were constructed for two size classes (≥40 mm and < 40 mm) using forward stepwise procedures to determine key morphological differences between the two species and consideration of whether regional morphological differences improved identification accuracies. The LDFs revealed that the morphologies of the two species were clearly distinguished by the relationship between height and length for both size classes. Region‐specific LDFs produced better identification accuracies. Regardless of region, the maximum length ofM. laevisexceeded 100 mm, whereas allM. togakushiensiswere < 100 mm in length. Identification accuracies of the established LDFs were high for each of the five length classes (0–20 mm, 20–40 mm, 40–60 mm, 60–80 mm, and 80–100 mm) with 85–96% (mean: 92%) accuracy in the east and 67–96% (mean: 80%) in the west. These criteria for species identification will progress future ecological studies and conservation practices for freshwater mussels.