Pollinator shifts drive petal epidermal evolution on the Macaronesian Islands bird-flowered species
Pollinator shifts drive petal epidermal evolution on the Macaronesian Islands bird-flowered species
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2016.0022
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Santos-Guerra, Arnoldo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ojeda, Dario I.;Valido, Alfredo;Santos-Guerra, Arnoldo
传粉者的转变被认为是花部性状进化的驱动力，但在地理区域尺度上对花瓣表皮表面的修饰知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了马卡罗尼西亚群岛从昆虫到雀形目鸟类的独立转变如何不断改变这种花特征（即缺乏乳头状细胞）。利用目前的植物遗传学和广泛的证据，从实地观察，我们选择了共81种植物和亚种花瓣显微镜和比较分析，包括19的23个岛屿物种授粉的机会雀形目鸟类（Macaronesian鸟花元素）。依赖雀形目鸟类作为最有效的传粉者（鸟类授粉）的物种独立进化至少五次，在所有情况下与乳头状细胞的损失，而物种与混合授粉系统（鸟类加上昆虫和/或其他脊椎动物）进化至少五次Macaronesia和乳头状细胞丢失，只有25%的这些过渡。我们的研究结果表明，花瓣微形态是一个不稳定的性状在传粉者的转变和乳头状细胞往往是缺席的传粉者与花，包括机会雀形目鸟类觅食盘旋或从地面有限的机械相互作用的物种。
Pollinator shifts are considered to drive floral trait evolution, yet little is still known about the modifications of petal epidermal surface at a biogeographic region scale. Here we investigated how independent shifts from insects to passerine birds in the Macaronesian Islands consistently modified this floral trait (i.e. absence of papillate cells). Using current phylogenies and extensive evidence from field observations, we selected a total of 81 plant species and subspecies for petal microscopy and comparative analysis, including 19 of the 23 insular species pollinated by opportunistic passerine birds (Macaronesian bird-flowered element). Species relying on passerine birds as the most effective pollinators (bird-pollinated) independently evolved at least five times and in all instances associated with a loss of papillate cells, whereas species with a mixed pollination system (birds plus insects and/or other vertebrates) evolved at least five times in Macaronesia and papillate cells were lost in only 25% of these transitions. Our findings suggest that petal micromorphology is a labile trait during pollinator shifts and that papillate cells tend to be absent on those species where pollinators have limited mechanical interaction with flowers, including opportunistic passerine birds that forage by hovering or from the ground.