Simian T-cell leukemia virus (STLV) infection in wild primate populations in Cameroon:: Evidence for dual STLV type 1 and type 3 infection in agile mangabeys (Cercocebus agilis)
Simian T-cell leukemia virus (STLV) infection in wild primate populations in Cameroon:: Evidence for dual STLV type 1 and type 3 infection in agile mangabeys (Cercocebus agilis)
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.78.9.4700-4709.2004
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发表时间：
2004-05-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Peeters, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Courgnaud, V;Van Dooren, S;Peeters, M
三种类型的人T细胞白血病病毒（HTLV）-猴T细胞白血病病毒（STLV）（统称为灵长类T细胞白血病病毒[PTLV]）已被鉴定，有证据表明HTLV 1型（HTLV-1）和HTLV-2在非洲的人畜共患起源于灵长类动物。为了评估中非西部人类对STLV的暴露，我们在喀麦隆雨林中狩猎的灵长类动物中筛选了STLV感染。从代表18个不同物种的524只动物中采集血液。所有的动物都是在1999年至2002年期间野生捕获的; 328只动物被作为丛林肉取样，196只是宠物。总体而言，59只（11.2%）灵长类动物具有与HTLV-1和/或HTLV-2抗原交叉反应的抗体;在37只动物中确认了HTLV-1感染，在9只动物中确认了HTLV-2感染，在10只动物中确认了HTLV-1和HTLV-2双重感染，3只动物的结果不确定。宠物的感染率明显低于丛林肉，分别为1.5%和17.0%。在HTLV-1-、HTLV-2-、HTLV-1-和HTLV-2-交叉反应性样品中，鉴别性PCR分别鉴定了STLV-1、STLV-3、STLV-1和STLV-3。我们首次在有胡子的猴子（Cercopithecus cephus）、talapoins（Miopithecus ogouensis）和大猩猩（Gorilla gorilla）中鉴定了STLV-1序列，并在山鸡、非洲绿色猴、敏捷白眉猴、有冠莫纳猴和大斑鼻猴中证实了STLV-1感染。STLV-1长末端重复序列（LTR）和env基因序列分析表明，这些毒株属于不同的PTLV-1亚型。在敏捷白眉猴（Cercocebus agilis）中观察到PTLV感染的高患病率; 89%的丛林肉感染了STLV。在敏捷白眉猴中鉴定出STLV-1和STLV-3共循环以及STLV-1-STLV-3共感染。部分LTR序列的系统发育分析表明，敏捷白眉猴STLV-3菌株更相关的STLV-3 CTO 604菌株分离自红顶白眉猴（Cercocebus torquatus）从喀麦隆比STLV-3 PH 969菌株从厄立特里亚狒狒或PPA-F3菌株从塞内加尔狒狒。我们的研究首次证明：（i）喀麦隆相当大比例的野生猴子感染了STLV，（ii）STLV-1和STLV-3在同一灵长类物种中共同传播，（iii）敏捷白眉猴中发生了STLV-1和STLV-3的共同感染，以及（iv）人类通过将灵长类动物作为丛林肉处理而暴露于不同的STLV-1和STLV-3亚型。
Three types of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-simian T-cell leukemia virus (STLV) (collectively called primate T-cell leukemia viruses [PTLVs]) have been characterized, with evidence for zoonotic origin from primates for HTLV type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 in Africa. To assess human exposure to STLVs in western Central Africa, we screened for STLV infection in primates hunted in the rain forests of Cameroon. Blood was obtained from 524 animals representing 18 different species. All the animals were wild caught between 1999 and 2002; 328 animals were sampled as bush meat and 196 were pets. Overall, 59 (11.2%) of the primates had antibodies cross-reacting with HTLV-1 and/or HTLV-2 antigens; HTLV-1 infection was confirmed in 37 animals, HTLV-2 infection was confirmed in 9, dual HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection was confirmed in 10, and results for 3 animals were indeterminate. Prevalences of infection were significantly lower in pets than in bush meat, 1.5 versus 17.0%, respectively. Discriminatory PCRs identified STLV-1, STLV-3, and STLV-1 and STLV-3 in HTLV-1-, HTLV-2-, and HTLV-1- and HTLV-2-cross-reactive samples, respectively. We identified for the first time STLV-1 sequences in mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus), talapoins (Miopithecus ogouensis), and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and confirmed STLV-1 infection in mandrills, African green monkeys, agile mangabeys, and crested mona and greater spot-nosed monkeys. STLV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and env sequences revealed that the strains belonged to different PTLV-1 subtypes. A high prevalence of PTLV infection was observed among agile mangabeys (Cercocebus agilis); 89% of bush meat was infected with STLV. Cocirculation of STLV-1 and STLV-3 and STLV-1-STLV-3 coinfections were identified among the agile mangabeys. Phylogenetic analyses of partial LTR sequences indicated that the agile mangabey STLV-3 strains were more related to the STLV-3 CTO604 strain isolated from a red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus) from Cameroon than to the STLV-3 PH969 strain from an Eritrean baboon or the PPA-F3 strain from a baboon in Senegal. Our study documents for the first time that (i) a substantial proportion of wild-living monkeys in Cameroon is STLV infected, (ii) STLV-1 and STLV-3 cocirculate in the same primate species, (iii) coinfection with STLV-1 and STLV-3 occurs in agile mangabeys, and (iv) humans are exposed to different STLV-1 and STLV-3 subtypes through handling primates as bush meat.