WORK CHARACTERISTICS AND PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDER IN CIVIL-SERVANTS IN LONDON
WORK CHARACTERISTICS AND PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDER IN CIVIL-SERVANTS IN LONDON
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DOI：
10.1136/jech.49.1.48
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发表时间：
1995-02-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
MARMOT, MG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
STANSFELD, SA;NORTH, FM;MARMOT, MG
研究目的：描述自我报告和外部评估的工作特征与精神障碍之间的关联。设计：分析从白厅II研究第一阶段收集的问卷数据，一项就业人口的队列研究。地点-伦敦的20个公务员部门。参与者-总共6900名男性和3414名女性公务员，年龄在35-55岁之间。主要结果-高水平的主观社会支持在工作中，控制在工作中，工作的多样性，和技能的使用与更大的满意度和幸福感和精神疾病较少的30项一般健康问卷（GHQ）测量。高水平的主观工作节奏和相互冲突的要求与较低的满意度和幸福感以及更大的精神障碍有关。工作特性的综合影响是类似的工作特性的影响单独考虑，除了男性有一个小的心理需求和控制GHQ之间的相互作用。两因素工作压力模型得到的总体支持很少。与此相反，客观的工作指数一般与心理指数无关。在男性和女性的调查结果一般是可比的，并没有显着影响就业grade.Conclusions -消极的情感和倾向，报告消极的工作和心理指标可能部分解释的结果之间的差异主观和客观的工作特点。然而，主观工作特征仍然与精神障碍的负情感调整后。就业等级的潜在混杂效应不能解释主观或客观工作特征与心理指标之间的关联。虽然对工作环境的改变可以直接减少某些不利的身体健康影响，但工作场所的设计和管理对心理健康、满意度和精神障碍的影响可能通过对工作环境的主观看法来调节。
Study objective - To describe the association between self reported and externally assessed work characteristics and psychiatric disorder.Design - Analysis of questionnaire data collected from the first phase of the Whitehall II study, a cohort study of an employed population.Setting - Twenty civil service departments in London.Participants - Altogether 6900 male and 3414 female civil servants aged 35-55 years.Main results - High levels of subjective social support at work, control at work, job variety, and skill use were associated with greater satisfaction and wellbeing and less psychiatric disorder measured by the 30 item general health questionnaire (GHQ). High levels of subjective work pace and conflicting demands were associated with less satisfaction and wellbeing and greater psychiatric disorder. The combined effects of work characteristics were similar to the effects of the work characteristics considered separately, except that for men there was a small interaction between psychological demands and control on the GHQ. There was little overall support for the two factor job strain model. In contrast, objective indices of work were generally not associated with the psychological indices. Findings in men and women were generally comparable and were not significantly influenced by employment grade.Conclusions - Negative affectivity and a tendency to report negatively about both work and the psychological indices may partly explain the difference in the findings between subjective and objective work characteristics. However, subjective work characteristics were still associated with psychiatric disorder after adjusting for negative affectivity. The potential confounding effects of employment grade did not explain the association between either subjective or objective work characteristics and the psychological indices. While modifications to the work environment may directly reduce certain adverse physical health effects, the influence of work place design and management on psychological wellbeing, satisfaction, and psychiatric disorder may be mediated through subjective perceptions of the work environment.