Spatial and temporal variability of red grouper holes within Steamboat Lumps Marine Reserve, Gulf of Mexico
Spatial and temporal variability of red grouper holes within Steamboat Lumps Marine Reserve, Gulf of Mexico
复制标题
墨西哥湾汽船块海洋保护区内红石斑鱼洞的时空变化
DOI：
10.3354/meps09167
复制
发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
D. Mann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Wall;B. Donahue;D. Naar;D. Mann
红石斑鱼Epinealus morio作为生态系统工程师，在平坦的桑迪底部挖掘凹陷（或洞），为自己和许多其他物种提供合适的栖息地。为了了解作为产卵栖息地的洞穴的空间范围，并确定栖息地如何变化，2006年和2009年在汽船块海洋保护区内的重叠区域收集了高分辨率多波束声纳数据。这个海洋保护区成立于2000年，位于墨西哥湾东部。提取从多波束数据中视觉识别的孔的垂直剖面，以表征孔的形状，并确定每个孔的高度、宽度和斜率随时间和空间的变化。分析结果表明，2006年至2009年，洞密度分别从110个增加到141个，2006年和2009年分别探测到181个和231个洞。2006年至2009年，高度和坡度也有所增加。在2个调查年之间，在同一地点确定的151个孔中存在的形状变化表明，虽然孔的形状因红石斑鱼的维护而变化，但孔的建造和维护会随着时间的推移而变化。从计算70米限制红石斑鱼声学通信确定的通信网络显示，从2006年到2009年的通信重叠增加，超过95%的孔位于70米的最近的邻居。从2006年到2009年，孔的数量和密度的增加表明，使用主动声学声纳的多年栖息地制图是一种有效的方法来监测红石斑鱼产卵种群的存在和范围。
Red grouper Epinephelus morio act as ecosystem engineers by excavating depressions (or holes) in areas of flat sandy bottom, which provide suitable habitat for themselves and numerous other species. To understand the spatial extent of the holes, which serve as spawning habitat, and determine how that habitat changes, high-resolution multibeam sonar data were collected in overlap- ping areas in 2006 and 2009 within Steamboat Lumps Marine Reserve. This marine reserve was estab- lished in 2000 and is located in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Vertical profiles of the holes visually iden- tified from the multibeam data were extracted to characterize hole shape and determine changes in the height, width, and slope of each hole over time and space. Results from this analysis indicated an increase in hole density from 110 to 141 holes km -2 from 2006 to 2009, respectively, with 181 holes detected in 2006 and 231 holes detected in 2009. Height and slope also increased between 2006 and 2009. The shape changes present in the 151 holes identified in the same location between the 2 survey years suggest that while hole shape varies due to red grouper maintenance, holes are constructed and maintained over time. The communication network determined from calculating a 70 m limit to red grouper acoustic communication showed an increase in communication overlap from 2006 to 2009, with over 95% of holes located within 70 m of their nearest neighbor. The increase in number and den- sity of holes from 2006 to 2009 demonstrates that multiyear habitat mapping using active acoustic sonar is an effective method to monitor the presence and extent of red grouper spawning populations.