Effects of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) on loggerhead sea turtle strandings with implications for conservation
Effects of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) on loggerhead sea turtle strandings with implications for conservation
复制标题
作者：
Crowder, LB;HopkinsMurphy, SR;Royle, JA
根据《濒危物种法》，美国水域的所有五种海龟都被列为受威胁或濒危物种。这些海龟死亡的一个主要原因是溺死在虾网中；70-80%搁浅在海滩上的死海龟与该渔业的相互作用有关。在20世纪80年代末，州政府和联邦政府开始要求在拖网中安装海龟排除装置（ted）；ted可以让海龟在淹死之前逃离渔网。迄今为止，还没有定量评估“因此”在减少海龟搁浅方面的有效性。在本文中，我们报告了1980-1993年南卡罗来纳州海滩上红海龟搁浅数据的统计分析。这些数据是长期的，基于良好的海滩覆盖，包括在TED被要求之前的8年，断断续续使用的2年，以及TED法规到位后的4年。对自然对数转换后的链数据进行回归分析，结果与模型拟合良好（R(2) = 0.88）。该模型具有显著的线性和平方趋势项，表明拖网渔船正在从下降的种群（每年-5.3%）中取样，但下降的速度已经减弱。分析表明，虾类渔业对增加搁浅的影响显著。TEDs在减少搁浅方面的作用也很显著；相对于没有泰德的拖网虾的估计影响，泰德减少了约44%的搁浅。如果特定阶段死亡率的降低与观测到的因突出性疾病而搁浅的减少完全相似，而其他死亡来源不加以干预，则种群模型预测表明，红海龟种群恢复的前景是良好的。
All five species of sea turtles in United States waters are listed under the Endangered Species Act as threatened or endangered. A major source of mortality for these turtles is drowning in shrimp trawls; 70-80% of strandings of dead turtles on beaches are related to interactions with this fishery. In the late 1980s, the state and federal governments began requiring turtle excluder devices (TEDs) in trawl nets; TEDs allow turtles to escape the nets before they drown. To date, the effectiveness of Thus in reducing sea turtle strandings has not been quantitatively assessed. In this paper, we report on a statistical analysis of strandings data for loggerhead sea turtles on South Carolina beaches from 1980-1993. These data are long term, based on excellent beach coverage and include eight years before TEDs were required, two years of intermittent use, and four years with TED regulations in place. Regression analysis of the natural log-transformed strandings data showed a good fit to the model (R(2) = 0.88). The model had significant linear and squared trend terms suggesting the trawlers were sampling from a declining population (-5.3% per year), but the rate of decline has diminished. The analysis shows significant effects of the shrimp fishery in increasing strandings. The effect of TEDs in reducing strandings was also significant; TEDs reduce strandings by about 44% relative to the estimated effects of shrimp trawls without TEDs. If reductions in stage-specific mortality rates are at all similar to the observed reductions in strandings due to TEDs and other mortality sources do not intervene, population model predictions suggest that the outlook for loggerhead population recovery is good.