Evaluating Efficiency-Equality Tradeoffs for Mobile Source Control Strategies in an Urban Area
Evaluating Efficiency-Equality Tradeoffs for Mobile Source Control Strategies in an Urban Area
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01119.x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Mukhi, Neha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levy, Jonathan I.;Greco, Susan L.;Mukhi, Neha
在环境风险管理中，人们往往关心的是最大限度地提高公共卫生效益（效率）和解决健康成果分配不平等的问题。然而，这两个方面通常不是在一个单一的分析框架内考虑的。在这项研究中，我们估计总人口的健康效益和健康不平等的定量指标的变化，在马萨诸塞州波士顿的一半城市公交车队的柴油颗粒过滤器改造的一些替代空间分布。我们专注于排放控制对主要细颗粒物（PM2.5）排放的影响，对PM2.5浓度和过早死亡率的影响进行建模。鉴于基线死亡率的空间异质性，我们应用阿特金森指数和其他不平等指标来量化死亡风险分布的变化。在控制策略的不同空间分布中，公共卫生效益的变化超过2倍，与每天行驶里程、道路附近的人口密度和暴露人群的基线死亡率等因素有关。健康不平等指标的变化因控制策略而异，考虑到效率和平等的最佳策略子集在不同的参数假设和不平等指标中通常是稳健的。我们的分析表明，正式的分析方法的可行性，共同解决效率和平等的风险评估，提供了一个工具，决策者谁愿意考虑这两个问题。
In environmental risk management, there are often interests in maximizing public health benefits (efficiency) and addressing inequality in the distribution of health outcomes. However, both dimensions are not generally considered within a single analytical framework. In this study, we estimate both total population health benefits and changes in quantitative indicators of health inequality for a number of alternative spatial distributions of diesel particulate filter retrofits across half of an urban bus fleet in Boston, Massachusetts. We focus on the impact of emissions controls on primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions, modeling the effect on PM2.5 concentrations and premature mortality. Given spatial heterogeneity in baseline mortality rates, we apply the Atkinson index and other inequality indicators to quantify changes in the distribution of mortality risk. Across the different spatial distributions of control strategies, the public health benefits varied by more than a factor of two, related to factors such as mileage driven per day, population density near roadways, and baseline mortality rates in exposed populations. Changes in health inequality indicators varied across control strategies, with the subset of optimal strategies considering both efficiency and equality generally robust across different parametric assumptions and inequality indicators. Our analysis demonstrates the viability of formal analytical approaches to jointly address both efficiency and equality in risk assessment, providing a tool for decisionmakers who wish to consider both issues.