Interpersonal competition can cause individuating processes.
Interpersonal competition can cause individuating processes.
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人际竞争会导致个体化过程。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.58.5.832
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Fiske,ST
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruscher,JB;Fiske,ST
两个实验调查了竞争对手是否会关注对手并使其个性化。相互依赖理论预测，人们会将结果所依赖的人个性化，而不是对他们形成刻板印象；这已在合作性相互依赖而非竞争性相互依赖中得到验证。竞争将合作中的单位形成等现象与相互依赖本身分离开来，而相互依赖本身被认为是关键变量。在两个实验中，s期望与一个有能力或没有能力的虚拟s竞争或不竞争，s对着录音机评论这个人的属性，有些与期望不一致，有些与期望一致。正如预测的那样，竞争者(a)增加了对不一致性的关注，(b)对不一致性进行了更多的性格推断，(c)形成了更多不同的印象。本文讨论了竞争在削弱基于期望的印象中的作用以及群体间竞争与人际竞争。（PsycINFO数据库记录(c) 2016 APA，版权所有）
Two experiments investigated whether competitors attend to and individuate opponents. Interdependence theories predict that people individuate others on whom their outcomes depend rather than stereotyping them; this has been tested for cooperative but not for competitive interdependence. Competition separates such phenomena as unit formation in cooperation from interdependence per se, posited to be the crucial variable. In two experiments, Ss expected to compete or not compete with a competent or incompetent fictitious S. Ss commented into a tape recorder about the person's attributes, some inconsistent and some consistent with expectations. As predicted, competitors (a) increased attention to inconsistencies,(b) drew more dispositional inferences about inconsistencies, and (c) formed more varied impressions. The role of competition in undercutting expectancy-based impressions and intergroup vs. interpersonal competition are discussed.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)