Green River(!) Petroleum System, Uinta Basin, Utah, U.S.A.: Chapter 25: Part V. Case Studies--Western Hemisphere
Green River(!) Petroleum System, Uinta Basin, Utah, U.S.A.: Chapter 25: Part V. Case Studies--Western Hemisphere
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美国犹他州尤因塔盆地 Green River(!) 石油系统：第 25 章：第五部分案例研究——西半球
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Mast
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Fouch;V. F. Nuccio;D. Anders;D. Rice;J. Pitman;R. Mast
绿色河（！）位于Uinta盆地中的犹他州东北部的石油系统负责几乎5亿桶可开采的高倾点和石蜡油，120 - 130亿桶推断的第三纪和白垩纪焦油砂岩积聚。它是一个多产的岩石复合体，包括硬沥青岩、油页岩和古新世-始新世绿色河组的湖相烃源岩。这些烃源岩包括以I型干酪根为主的开阔湖相、以I、II和III型干酪根为主的边缘湖相和以III型干酪根为主的冲积相。一些I型油母岩具有高达60 wt. %和平均约6.0 wt. %.这些干酪根碳酸盐床（油页岩）的氢指数大于500 mg HC/ TOC。石油主要产自透镜状储层，透镜状储层是较大区域油气聚集的一部分，其中一些跨越主要构造要素。在区域上，冲积岩在地层上将大多数石油圈闭在下倾开阔和边缘湖相储层中。暴露的含沥青砂岩（焦油砂）代表了与下倾油田连续的边缘湖相地层中运移石油的表面表现。经济上可行的石油是从地下开采的，那里的石油高于倾点温度，是可移动的，地层特别多孔和可渗透。然而，含油储集岩通常延伸到油田界限之外。在深层地下，威尔斯井是在超压地层中完成的，在超压地层中，开放裂缝的荚状物提供足以排出“致密”油藏的高地层渗透性。与这些荚状体相关的高流体压力梯度发生在具有丰富的I型油母质的不可渗透岩石已经经受足以以大于流体迁移速率的速率生成烃的温度的地方。
The Green River(!) petroleum system, located in northeast Utah in the Uinta Basin, is responsible for almost 500 million bbl of recoverable high pour-point and paraffinic oil, 12-13 billion bbl of inferred Tertiary and Cretaceous tar sandstone accumulations. It is a prolific complex of rocks that includes gilsonite, oil shales, and lacustrine source rocks in the Paleocene-Eocene Green River Formation. These source rocks include an open lacustrine facies containing mainly type I kerogen, a marginal lacustrine facies with types I, II, and III kerogens, and an alluvial facies with mostly type III kerogen. Some type I kerogens have TOC contents as high as 60 wt. % and average ~6.0 wt. %. These kerogenous carbonate beds (oil shale) have hydrogen indices greater than 500 mg HC/ TOC. Oil is produced primarily from lenticular reservoirs that are parts of larger regional hydrocarbon accumulations, some of which span major structural elements. Regionally, alluvial rocks stratigraphically trap most oil in down-dip open and marginal lacustrine reservoirs. The exposed bitumen-bearing sandstones (tar sands) represent the surface expression of migrated oil in marginal lacustrine strata that are continuous with the downdip oil fields. Economically viable oil is recovered from the subsurface where the oil is above pour-point temperatures and is moveable and where strata are especially porous and permeable. However, oil-bearing reservoir rocks commonly extend beyond field limits. In the deep subsurface, wells are completed in overpressured strata where pods of open fractures provide high formation permeability sufficient to drain "tight" oil reservoirs. High fluid pressure gradients associated with these pods occur where impermeable rocks with abundant type I kerogen have been subjected to temperatures sufficient to generate hydrocarbons at a rate greater than the rate of fluid migration.