An updated review on Equus stenonis (Mammalia, Perissodactyla): New implications for the European early Pleistocene Equus taxonomy and paleoecology, and remarks on the Old World Equus evolution
An updated review on Equus stenonis (Mammalia, Perissodactyla): New implications for the European early Pleistocene Equus taxonomy and paleoecology, and remarks on the Old World Equus evolution
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107155
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
O. Cirilli;Juha J. Saarinen;L. Pandolfi;L. Rook;R. Bernor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. Cirilli;Juha J. Saarinen;L. Pandolfi;L. Rook;R. Bernor
马（Equus stenonis）是早更新世最具标志性的化石物种之一。虽然它在世纪就已为人所知，但其分类学和进化地位在马科动物专家中一直存在广泛的争论，包括多种解释。本研究通过形态学、形态计量学和统计学分析，结合体质量和净初级生产量的估算，对欧洲狭棘棘鲷的记录进行了综述。此外，我们调查了E.stenoniscranial解剖学的进化与上新世更新世物种从北美，欧亚大陆和非洲，现存的斑马和驴。我们对欧洲斯氏野马样本的审查仔细考虑了斯氏野马亚种Equus stenonis vireti、Equus stenonis guthi、Equus stenonis pueblensis、Equus stenonis olivolanus和Equus stenonis stenonis，我们认为它们是斯氏野马的生态形态型，但Equus stenonis senezensis和Equus stenonis mygdoniensis除外。最后两个亚种分别证明了高山野驴和高山野驴的物种等级。这使我们提出了一个新的欧洲早期更新世马的生物年代学修订。我们基于头骨形态学的进化解释揭示了现存斑马的进化谱系可以在很长的时间内从北美物种Equus simplicidens，通过欧洲的E. stenonis和非洲的Equus koobiforensis被识别出来。欧洲的斯滕贝格马同样代表了非洲更新世化石物种的原始来源，以及外生的马。
Equus stenonisis one of the most iconic fossil species of the Early Pleistocene. Although it is known from the 19th century, its taxonomic and evolutionary position has been extensively debated among equid specialists, including multiple interpretations. The current work aims to review the EuropeanE. stenonisrecord, by morphological, morphometrical and statistical analyses combined with body mass and net primary production estimates. Furthermore, we investigate the evolution ofE. stenoniscranial anatomy in comparison with the Plio-Pleistocene species from North America, Eurasia and Africa, and extant zebras and asses. Our review of EuropeanE. stenonissamples has closely considered theE. stenonissubspeciesEquus stenonis vireti,Equus stenonis guthi,Equus stenonis pueblensis,Equus stenonis olivolanusandEquus stenonis stenoniswhich we recognize as being ecomorphotypes ofEquus stenonis, with the exception ofEquus stenonis senezensisandEquus stenonis mygdoniensis. These two last subspecies warrant the species ranks ofEquus senezensisandEquus altidens, respectively. This has led us to propose a new revised biochronology of European Early PleistoceneEquus. Our evolutionary interpretations based on cranial morphology reveals that the evolutionary lineage of extant zebras can be recognized in deep time from the North American speciesEquus simplicidens,through the EuropeanE. stenonisand the AfricanEquus koobiforensis. European stenonine horses likewise represent the original source for the African Pleistocene fossil species and extantEquus grevyi.