On the origin and domestication history of barley (Hordeum vulgare)
On the origin and domestication history of barley (Hordeum vulgare)
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026330
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发表时间：
2000-04-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Salamini, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Badr, A;Müller, K;Salamini, F
在新月沃地的考古遗址中发现的大麦（Hordelun vulgare）谷物遗迹表明，大约1万年前，这种作物是由其野生亲戚Hordeum spontanum驯化而来的。基于DNA标记有效测量遗传距离和野生群体遗传差异以及驯化以来未发生重大变化的假设，对大麦的驯化历史进行了重新审视。基于对317个野生品种和57个栽培品种400个AFLP多态性位点的等位基因频率研究，证明了大麦驯化的单系性。来自以色列-约旦的野生种群在分子上比其他任何培育的基因库都更相似。这些结果为以色列-约旦地区是大麦被引入栽培的地区的假设提供了支持。此外，同源盒基因BKn-3的诊断等位基因I，很少但几乎只在以色列人身上发现，在西方地方品种和现代栽培品种中普遍存在。在来自喜马拉雅山和印度的地方品种中，BKn-3等位基因IIIa占主导地位，这表明在大麦从近东向南亚的迁移过程中发生了等位基因替代。因此，喜马拉雅山脉可以被认为是一个驯化大麦多样化的地区。
Remains of barley (Hordelun vulgare) grains found at archaeological sites in the Fertile Crescent indicate that about 10,000 years ago the crop was domesticated there from its wild relative Hordeum spontaneum. The domestication history of barley is revisited based on the assumptions that DNA markers effectively measure genetic distances and that wild populations are genetically different and they have not undergone significant change since domestication. The monophyletic nature of barley domestication is demonstrated based on allelic frequencies at 400 AFLP polymorphic loci studied in 317 wild and 57 cultivated lines. The wild populations from Israel-Jordan are molecularly more similar than are any others to the cultivated gene pool. The results provided support for the hypothesis that the Israel-Jordan area is the region in which barley was brought into culture. Moreover, the diagnostic allele I of the homeobox gene BKn-3, rarely but almost exclusively found in Israel H. spontaneum, is pervasive in western landraces and modern cultivated varieties. In landraces from the Himalayas and India, the BKn-3 allele IIIa prevails, indicating that an allelic substitution has taken place during the migration of barley from the Near East to South Asia. Thus, the Himalayas can be considered a region of domesticated barley diversification.