Central nervous regulation of vascular resistance.
Central nervous regulation of vascular resistance.
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血管阻力的中枢神经调节。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.ph.42.030180.002151
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
18.2
通讯作者：
K. Spyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Hilton;K. Spyer
自从有人提出中枢神经系统（eNS）启动或维持适合特定生理条件的心血管反应模式以来，已经有几年了（39）。最初，这个想法是基于对防御反应的研究，因为它已经表明，在预期严重的肌肉运动时，觉醒伴随着一种反应模式（参见（37））。肌肉血管扩张是一个恒定的特征，伴随着内脏、肾床和皮肤的血管收缩，而静脉收缩和心脏活动增加确保心输出量增加。肺动脉顺应性的降低将有助于调动血库（79）。这种整体变化模式的每个组成部分在不同的个体中表现出不同的程度，因此它们对动脉血压的综合影响也各不相同。然而，通常情况下，平均压力和脉冲压力都增加。最近对皮肤和肌肉神经节后神经支配的研究证实，这种反应的各种特征主要是由交感神经输出引起的（47）。当血管扩张性纤维兴奋时，通往骨骼肌的血管收缩神经纤维明显受到抑制（11）。这种抑制是独立于压力感受器反射的。事实上，最近对心脏和肾脏的对感神经活动（除了心率、血压和肌肉血流）的调查证实，下丘脑防御区内的电刺激可以完全抑制压力感受器反射（10）。
It is some years since it was proposed that the central nervous system (eNS) initiates or sustains patterns of cardiovascular response appropriate to par ticular sets of physiological conditions (39). Initially, this idea was based on studies of the defense reaction, since it had been shown that arousal is accompanied by a pattern of response in anticipation of severe muscular exertion [see (37) for references]. Muscle vasodilatation is a constant fea ture, together with vasoconstriction in splanchnic and renal beds and in skin, while venoconstriction and increased cardiac activity ensure an in creased cardiac output. A decreased compliance of the pulmonary arteries will contribute to the mobilization of blood reservoirs (79). Each component of this overall pattern of change is expressed to a different extent in different individuals, and thus their combined effect on arterial blood pressure varies. Usually, however, both mean pressure and pulse pressure are increased. The various features of the response are mainly brought about by the sympathetic outputs, as confirmed by recent studies of the postganglionic innervation of skin and muscle (47). The vasoconstric tor nerve fibers to skeletal muscle are apparently inhibited when the vasodilator fibers are excited (11). This inhibition is independent of the baroreceptor reflex. Indeed, an investigation of cardiac and renal sympa thetic nerve activity (in addition to heart-rate, blood pressure, and muscle blood flow) recently confirmed that the baroreceptor reflex can be inhibited completely on electrical stimulation within the hypothalamic defense area (10).