Temporal habitat partitioning and spatial use of coyotes and red foxes in east-central Illinois
Temporal habitat partitioning and spatial use of coyotes and red foxes in east-central Illinois
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DOI：
10.2307/3803065
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Joselyn, MG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gosselink, TE;Van Deelen, TR;Joselyn, MG
在过去的几十年里，北美东部的郊狼（Canis latrans）数量有所增加。在伊利诺伊州，赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）的数量同步下降，这表明郊狼可能正在取代赤狐。我们研究了冬季（1月至2月）和夏季（7月至8月）栖息地使用的同域郊狼和红狐在伊利诺伊州中东部，包括一个独特的城市狐狸人口相对自由的相互作用与郊狼。我们对28只郊狼、16只乡村狐狸和19只城市狐狸进行了放射性标记，并系统地收集了10,500多个地点，以推断栖息地的使用情况。组成分析在3个级别（家域，位置，休息）对应于2个空间尺度的栖息地利用（研究区和家域内使用）。我们使用协变量分析回归模型来研究种间差异的栖息地利用。使用赤池的信息准则（AIC），最佳模型包括季节，性别和物种的协变量作为变异的来源。栖息地分区是明显的，在所有级别的分析，在这两个季节，在冬季分歧很大。土狼选择和农村狐狸避免覆盖丰富的栖息地（草地，水道，免耕玉米）。农村狐狸选择与人类相关的栖息地（活跃和废弃的农场和农村居民区），而郊狼通常会避开这些栖息地。栖息地的使用和家庭范围的选择城市狐狸比农村狐狸的季节性稳定，但城市狐狸选择的住宅区在冬季比在夏季。土狼和乡村狐狸的活动范围在冬季大幅增加。在冬季，农村狐狸的活动范围比城市狐狸的活动范围大近4倍。我们的研究表明，土狼和同域红狐分区栖息地季节性响应高度干扰的农业景观。农田红狐可能会避开同域郊狼使用的栖息地，依赖于人类相关的栖息地（农场和城市地区）作为避难所。
Coyote (Canis latrans) populations have increased across eastern North America over the past few decades. In Illinois, red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations have synchronously declined, suggesting that coyotes may be displacing red foxes. We examined winter (Jan-Feb) and summer (Jul-Aug) habitat use of sympatric coyotes and red foxes in east-central Illinois, including a distinct urban fox population relatively free of interactions with coyotes. We radiomarked 28 coyotes, 16 rural foxes, and 19 urban foxes and systematically collected over 10,500 locations to infer habitat use. Compositional analysis at 3 levels (home range, location, resting) corresponded to 2 spatial scales of habitat use (study area and within home-range use). We used covariate analysis of regression models to examine interspecific differences in habitat use. Using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), optimal models included season, sex, and species of the covariate as sources of variation. Habitat partitioning was apparent at all levels of analysis during both seasons, diverging greatly during winter. Coyotes selected and rural foxes avoided cover-rich habitats (grassland, waterways, no-till corn). Rural foxes selected human-associated habitats (active and abandoned farmsteads and rural residential areas), which coyotes generally avoided. Habitat use and home-range selection by urban foxes were more seasonally stable than by rural foxes, but urban foxes selected residential areas more during winter than during summer. Home ranges of both coyotes and rural foxes increased substantially during winter. Rural fox home ranges were nearly 4 times larger than those of urban foxes during winter. Our study demonstrates that coyotes and sympatric red foxes partition habitat seasonally in response to a highly disturbed agricultural landscape. Farmland red foxes may avoid habitats used by sympatric coyotes, relying on human-associated habitats (farmsteads and urban areas) as refugia.