Environmental records from coral skeletons: A decade of novel insights and innovation
Environmental records from coral skeletons: A decade of novel insights and innovation
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/wcc.745
复制
发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Thompson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Thompson
在过去的几十年里，已经开发了数百个珊瑚古气候记录，大大扩展了仪器记录，提高了我们对热带气候变异性和其他数据贫乏地区变化的理解。珊瑚“代用”记录测量骨骼地球化学或生长的变化，作为钙化时海洋条件的函数。在过去的十年里（自2010年以来），新的综合研究已经确定了在古记录中独一无二的连贯的变暖和变化模式（尽管还不是前所未有的）。反过来，海洋变暖和酸化对珊瑚的生长产生了不利影响，使珊瑚的延伸减少，应力带增加。方法上的进步限制了不确定性，并提高了我们对气候信息在珊瑚骨骼中存档的过程的理解。描述这些过程的模式已经被开发出来，以便于代理模式的比较，识别不确定性的来源，并提供一个基准，在高度可变的气候系统中可以检测到强迫变化。最后，几个创新的新代理人扩大了气候和环境信息，可以从珊瑚，包括：海水pH值，文石饱和度，人为氮，径流，信风。进一步扩大已建立的和新的代理应继续作为优先事项，沿着进行海水监测和密度测量，以筛选和校准这些记录。由于这一重要的气候档案日益受到变暖和海洋酸化的威胁，社会必须密切合作，以生态和文化敏感的方式收集这一宝贵的气候数据，以免为时已晚。
Hundreds of coral paleoclimate records have been developed over the past several decades, significantly extending the instrumental record and improving our understanding of tropical climate variability and change in otherwise data‐poor regions. Coral “proxy” records measure the change in skeletal geochemistry or growth as a function of ocean conditions at the time of calcification. Over the past decade (since 2010), new syntheses have identified coherent patterns of warming and variability that are unique within the paleo record (albeit not yet unprecedented). In turn, ocean warming and acidification have had a detrimental impact on coral growth, with reduced extension and increased stress banding. Methodological advances have constrained uncertainties and improved our understanding of the processes by which climate information is archived in coral skeletons. Models that describe these processes have been developed to facilitate proxy‐model comparisons, identify sources of uncertainties, and provide a benchmark upon which forced changes may be detected within a highly variable climate system. Finally, several innovative new proxies have expanded the climate and environmental information that may be obtained from corals, including: seawater pH, aragonite saturation, anthropogenic nitrogen, runoff, and trade winds. Further extending established and novel proxies should remain a priority, along with seawater monitoring and density measurements with which to screen and calibrate these records. As this critical climate archive is increasingly threatened by warming and ocean acidification, the community must work closely together to collect this invaluable climate data in an ecologically and culturally sensitive manner, before it is too late.