Does perceived direct gaze boost detection in adults and children with and without autism? The stare-in-the-crowd effect revisited
Does perceived direct gaze boost detection in adults and children with and without autism? The stare-in-the-crowd effect revisited
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DOI：
10.1080/13506280444000797
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Tojo, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Senju, A;Hasegawa, T;Tojo, Y
这项研究扩展了 von Grunau 和 Anston (1995) 的研究，并利用视觉搜索范式探讨了自闭症患者和非自闭症患者是否容易察觉到直视凝视。参与者通过直接凝视或回避凝视来检测目标面孔。侧向回避的面孔被用来消除较低知觉特征的参与，例如对称性，这是冯·格鲁瑙和安斯顿使用的“直视”所固有的。正常发育的成年人和儿童都比那些避开目光的人更快地发现直视目标，但面部反转扭曲了这种不对称的表现，这表明配置性面部处理的贡献。相比之下，自闭症儿童则不受真实面部刺激所呈现的注视方向的影响。然而，它们能够更快地检测仅由局部特征定义的直视，这表明它们的损伤可能特定于检测面部环境中呈现的直视。
This study extended that of von Grunau and Anston (1995) and explored whether perceived direct gaze is easily detected by individuals with and without autism, utilizing a visual-search paradigm. Participants detected target faces with either direct gaze or averted gaze. Laterally averted faces were used to eliminate the involvement of lower perceptual characteristics such as symmetry, which were inherent with the "straight gaze" used by von Grunau and Anston. Both typically developed adults and children detected targets with direct gaze more quickly than those with averted gaze, but face inversion distorted this asymmetrical performance, suggesting the contribution of configurative facial processing. In contrast, children with autism were not affected by the gaze direction presented by realistic facial stimuli. They were, however, faster to detect straight gaze defined solely by local features, which suggests that their impairment might be specific to the detection of direct gaze presented within a facial context.