A Study on Spillovers and Foreign Firms in Turkey
A Study on Spillovers and Foreign Firms in Turkey
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土耳其的溢出效应和外国公司研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Taymaz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aykut Lenger;E. Taymaz
许多发展经济学家认为，外国直接投资是向发展中国家转让技术的一个重要渠道。有人认为，跨国公司引进的现代先进技术也可以通过外溢效应扩散到国内公司。在本文中，我们研究了土耳其制造业的国内外企业的创新和技术转让活动，以及水平，垂直和劳动力溢出对这些活动的影响。我们的分析表明，外国公司比国内同行更具创新性，从国外（主要是从他们的母公司）转移技术，并可能建立更多的合作关系，他们的R&D活动。外国公司的横向溢出效应似乎微不足道。外国公司对垂直相关行业其他公司技术活动的影响尚不明确。外国企业在用户行业的存在会促进创新，但在供应行业的存在不利于中、高技术行业的创新。劳动力流动是溢出的主要渠道。我们的研究结果重申了知识的缄默的重要性，并确认技术不能轻易地通过被动机制（示范效应，模仿等）转移。
FDI has been considered by many development economists as an important channel for transfer of technology to developing countries. It is suggested that modern, advanced technologies introduced by multinational firms can also diffuse to domestic firms through spillovers. In this paper, we study innovation and technology transfer activities of domestic and foreign firms in Turkish manufacturing industries, and the impact of horizontal, vertical and labor spillovers on these activities. Our analysis shows that foreign firms are more innovative in than their domestic counterparts, transfer technology from abroad (mostly from their parent companies), and are likely to establish more co-operative relations for their R&D activities. Horizontal spillovers from foreign firms seem to be insignificant. The effects of foreign firms on technological activities of other firms in vertically related industries are ambiguous. Foreign presence in user industries induces innovation, but foreign presence in supplier industries is detrimental for innovation in medium- and high-tech industries. Labor turnover is the main channel of spillovers. Our findings reiterate the importance of tacitness of knowledge, and confirm that technology cannot easily be transferred through passive mechanisms (demonstration effects, imitation, etc.).