Mechanosensitive channels: multiplicity of families and gating paradigms.
Mechanosensitive channels: multiplicity of families and gating paradigms.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1126/stke.2192004re4
复制
发表时间：
2004-02-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Corey, David P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sukharev, Sergei;Corey, David P
机械敏感离子通道是将机械力转换为听觉、触觉和其他机械感官中的电信号或化学信号的主要传感器。与视觉、嗅觉和某些类型的味觉不同，视觉、嗅觉和某些类型的味觉都使用相似类型的初级异三聚体GTP结合蛋白偶联受体，而机械感觉依赖于不同类型的转导分子。不相关类型的通道可以用来感知各种机械刺激，不仅在遥远的有机体群体中，而且在同一有机体的不同位置。听觉系统中的转导机制极其敏感，它依赖于坚硬的纤毛、丝状连接和分子马达的复杂结构来将力集中在转导通道上，而细菌通道MSCL的极端敏感性与细菌通道MSCL形成对比，后者由膜中的高侧向张力打开，起到安全阀而不是感觉的功能。描述了这两个系统中构象运动和力的空间尺度，并表明它们与机械通道浇注的一般物理描述是一致的。我们概述了几种类型的机械敏感通道的特征，以及它们参与感觉和非感觉细胞中的信号和细胞调节的功能背景。
Mechanosensitive ion channels are the primary transducers that convert mechanical force into an electrical or chemical signal in hearing, touch, and other mechanical senses. Unlike vision, olfaction, and some types of taste, which all use similar kinds of primary heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors, mechanosensation relies on diverse types of transducer molecules. Unrelated types of channels can be used for the perception of various mechanical stimuli, not only in distant groups of organisms, but also in separate locations of the same organism. The extreme sensitivity of the transduction mechanism in the auditory system, which relies on an elaborate structure of rigid cilia, filamentous links, and molecular motors to focus force on transduction channels, contrasts with that of the bacterial channel MscL, which is opened by high lateral tension in the membrane and fulfills a safety-valve rather than a sensory function. The spatial scales of conformational movement and force in these two systems are described, and are shown to be consistent with a general physical description of mechanical channel gating. We outline the characteristics of several types of mechanosensitive channels and the functional contexts in which they participate in signaling and cellular regulation in sensory and nonsensory cells.