The physician-scientist: An essential - and fragile - link in the medical research chain
The physician-scientist: An essential - and fragile - link in the medical research chain
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DOI：
10.1172/jci7304
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Rosenberg, LE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosenberg, LE
展望研究方向，监督链霉素的开发，启动导致异烟肼开发的筛选项目，建立降压和抗炎皮质类固醇的工作。随后，香农带着在学术界和工业界的丰富经验来到NIH。他也怀着对科学力量的深刻信念，相信科学可以将医学转变为一种更有效的改善人类状况的工具，他坚信只有联邦政府有足够的财力来提供必要的资源来实现国家的科学潜力，并且相信他的愿望只能通过由博士和博士领导的有才华的研究团队来实现。在13年里，香农改变了国家的医学研究大厦——当然不是独自一人，而是在NIH同事的宝贵帮助下。与参议员利斯特·希尔和众议员约翰·福格蒂的共生伙伴关系，以及第一位真正的公民/医学研究倡导者玛丽·拉斯克的不懈努力。香农时代的成就是如此惊人，以至于不能被夸大，它将生命科学的基础研究推向了一个新的轨道。临床研究也得到了推动，因为基础科学的见解被应用于对疾病的理解，同样重要的是，在床边进行的观察提出了关于人类和其他生物体生物学的新问题。众所周知，床边和长凳之间的桥梁已经建成并加固了。这座桥梁，以及随之而来的医学博士和博士之间的伙伴关系，将美国的医学研究企业与日本和欧洲的企业区分开来。有人会说，这是我们最强大的力量，这一点也值得铭记。今天，美国的医学研究事业毫无疑问是世界的领导者。这一复杂的事业包括政府、学术界、工业界、独立研究所、基金会、非营利组织、志愿卫生机构和公共宣传团体之间独特且日益互动的合作。它在科学基础和应用，基础和临床，实验室和病人为导向方面表现卓越。它扩大了自己的视野，既关心人口也关心个人，既关心健康也关心疾病，既关心道德困境也关心医疗困境。随着下一个千年的临近，这项事业似乎准备为世界各地人民的健康和福祉，从而为国家和国际利益作出更大的贡献。公众感受到了这种兴奋，并且正在倾听。研究!美国的全国基层民意调查显示，公众希望医学研究具有更高的优先权，并认为国家卫生支出的更大一部分应该用于研究。针对特定疾病的倡议者请愿书
Perspective research direction, to oversee the development of streptomycin, to initiate the screening program that led to the development of isoniazid, and to establish work on hypotensive and anti-inflammatory corticosteroids. Shannon, then, came to NIH with broad experience in academia and industry. He came, too, with profound faith in the power of science to transform medicine into a far more effective instrument for improving the human condition, with the conviction that only the federal government had pockets deep enough to provide the resources necessary to realize the scientific potential of the country and with the belief that his aspirations could be fulfilled only by a talented research work force led by Ph. Ds and MDs In 13 years Shannon transformed the country’s medical research edifice—not alone of course, but with the invaluable help of colleagues at NIH, a symbiotic partnership with Senator Lister Hill and Representative John Fogarty, and the tireless efforts of the first real citizen/advocate for medical research, Mary Lasker (3). The accomplishments of the Shannon era, so prodigious that they cannot be overstated, rocketed basic research in the life sciences into a new orbit. Clinical research, too, was propelled as insights from basic science were applied to an understanding of diseases and, as important, as observations made at the bedside raised new questions about the biology of mankind and other organisms. The proverbial bridge between bedside and bench was built and buttressed. This bridge, and its attendant partnerships between MDs and Ph. Ds, set the American medical research enterprise apart from those in Japan and Europe. Some would say it was our greatest strength, and this, too, is worth remembering. Today, the medical research enterprise of the United States is the unquestioned world leader. This complex enterprise consists of a unique, and increasingly interactive, collaboration among government, academia, industry, independent institutes, foundations, not for profit organizations, voluntary health agencies, and public advocacy groups. It is preeminent in science—fundamental and applied, basic and clinical, laboratory-based and patient oriented. It has expanded its horizons to concern itself with populations as well as individuals, with health as well as disease, with ethical dilemmas as well as medical ones.As the next millennium nears, this enterprise seems poised to make ever greater contributions to the health and well being of people everywhere and, hence, to both the national and international interest. The public senses this excitement and is being heard. Research! America’s national grassroots polls reveal that the public wants medical research to have a higher priority and believes that a larger fraction of the nation’s health expenditures should be devoted to research. Disease-specific advocates petition