Development of the method of the large scale spacecraft dynamic environment test
Development of the method of the large scale spacecraft dynamic environment test
复制标题
DOI：
10.1360/sspma2018-00141
复制
发表时间：
2018-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jungang Zhang;Ling He;Haiyang Gao;Minghui Liu;Zhiyong Yue
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jungang Zhang;Ling He;Haiyang Gao;Minghui Liu;Zhiyong Yue
航天器在发射过程中要经历升空、级间分离、整流罩抛投和航天器/运载火箭分离等阶段。为了保证航天器在发射和在轨阶段的可靠性，在航天器的研制过程中必须进行大量的地面动力学试验，如振动试验、声学试验、冲击试验等。在过去的几十年中，随着许多航天器和卫星的成功发射，我国积累了大量的试验经验，建立了行之有效的动态环境试验规范和标准。但是，与以前的卫星相比，中国空间站的尺寸和质量都大大增加了。常规的试验方法和试验设备不能满足大型航天器地面动态试验验证的要求。例如，振动试验所需的振动台力估计远远超过最大的单台电动振动台的能力。因此，如何对这些大型航天器进行地面动力学试验，保证其有效性，是需要解决的关键技术问题。主要介绍了以“天舟”货运飞船和空间站为代表的大型航天器动态试验验证技术的发展。首先介绍了振动测试和声学测试的方法。其次，详细讨论了振动试验中的静载荷补偿技术、截面试验方法和基于试验数据的外推技术，并总结了各自的优缺点。分析了大型振动台和混响室的技术难点，特别是振动台的扩展台和滑动台的研究。介绍了天津AIT测试中心VTS-1400振动测试系统和RATF-4000混响室的研制情况。最后对大型航天器动力学环境试验的发展进行了前景展望。
Spacecraft must undergo such phase as lift-off, inter-stage separation, fairing jettisoning and spacecraft/launch vehicle separation during the launch. And the dynamic environments of these phases can be divided into vibration, acoustics, shock, etc. To assure its reliability in launch and in-orbit phases, many ground dynamic tests must be carried out in the process of development of the spacecraft, such as vibration test, acoustic test, shock test and so on. In the past few decades, with the successful launch of many spacecrafts and satellites, China has accumulated a lot of test experience and established an effective dynamic environment test specification and standard. But, the dimension and the mass of the Chinese space station have greatly increased compared to the previous satellites. The customary test methods and test facilities cannot satisfy the requirements of the ground dynamic test verification of the large scale spacecraft. For example, the force of vibration table required for vibration test is estimated to far more than the capacity of the largest single electrodynamic vibration shaker. So how to carry out the ground dynamic test for these large scale spacecrafts and ensure their validity is the key technical problem should be solved. This paper mainly introduces the development of the dynamic test verification technology of large scale spacecraft such as “Tianzhou” cargo spacecraft and space station. Firstly, the methods of the vibration test and the acoustic test are presented. Secondly, the static load compensation technology in vibration test, the method of the section test, and the extrapolation technique based on the test data are discussed detailedly, and their merit and shortcoming are summarized respectively. Moreover, the technical difficulties research in the large scale vibration shaker and the reverberation chamber are analyzed, especially in the shaker head expander table and the slip table. The development of VTS-1400 vibration test system and RATF-4000 reverberation chamber at Tianjing AIT Test Center are presented in following. Finally, the prospect of the development of the large scale spacecraft dynamic environment test is proposed.