Social contact and inequalities in depressive symptoms and loneliness among older adults: A mediation analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
Social contact and inequalities in depressive symptoms and loneliness among older adults: A mediation analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
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社会交往以及老年人抑郁症状和孤独感的不平等：对英国老龄化纵向研究的中介分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100726
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Katikireddi SV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Green MJ;Whitley E;Niedzwiedz CL;Shaw RJ;Katikireddi SV
社交接触，包括远程接触（通过电话、电子邮件、信件或短信），可能有助于减少老年人抑郁症状和孤独感方面的社会不平等。
数据来自英国老龄化纵向研究的第8波（2016/17年），按年龄分层（<65岁的有1578人；65岁及以上的有4026人）。采用逆概率加权法来估计每周面对面社交接触和远程社交接触对抑郁症状（8项流调中心抑郁量表得分3分及以上）以及两种孤独感衡量指标（有时/经常感到孤独与几乎从不/从不；加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独量表的最高五分位数与其他所有情况）的平均影响。我们还估计了在两种情况下教育、伴侣状况和财富对孤独感和抑郁症状的受控直接影响：1）普遍不频繁（少于每周一次）的面对面社交接触；2）普遍每周进行远程社交接触。
平均而言，每周面对面社交接触与孤独感降低的几率相关，但与远程社交接触的关联较弱。较低的教育程度会增加抑郁症状和孤独感的几率，但在不频繁的面对面接触情况下差异会减小。独居的受访者比有伴侣的受访者经历更多的抑郁症状和孤独感，财富较少与更多的抑郁症状相关。在普遍不频繁的面对面接触情况下，这些差异在65岁以下的人群中缩小，但在65岁及以上的人群中扩大。普遍每周进行远程接触对不平等现象的影响相对较小。
面对面社交接触减少可能会增加老年人的抑郁症状和孤独感，尤其是对于65岁及以上的独居老人。依赖远程社交接触似乎不太可能弥补社会不平等。
面对面接触而非远程接触与较少的抑郁/孤独感相关。
少于每周一次的面对面接触可减少抑郁/孤独感方面的教育不平等。
在65岁及以上的人群中，伴侣/财富方面的不平等在少于每周一次的面对面接触情况下会扩大。
每周远程接触对抑郁/孤独感方面的不平等影响很小。
Social contact, including remote contact (by telephone, email, letter or text), could help reduce social inequalities in depressive symptoms and loneliness among older adults. Data were from the 8th wave of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (2016/17), stratified by age (n = 1578 aged <65; n = 4026 aged 65+). Inverse probability weighting was used to estimate average effects of weekly in-person and remote social contact on depressive symptoms (score of 3+ on 8-item CES-D scale) and two measures of loneliness (sometimes/often feels lonely vs hardly ever/never; and top quintile of UCLA loneliness scale vs all others). We also estimated controlled direct effects of education, partner status, and wealth on loneliness and depressive symptoms under two scenarios: 1) universal infrequent (<weekly) in-person social contact; and 2) universal weekly remote social contact. Weekly in-person social contact was associated on average with reduced odds of loneliness, but associations with remote social contact were weak. Lower education raised odds of depressive symptoms and loneliness, but differences were attenuated with infrequent in-person contact. Respondents living alone experienced more depressive symptoms and loneliness than those living with a partner, and less wealth was associated with more depressive symptoms. With universal infrequent in-person contact, these differences narrowed among those aged under 65 but widened among those aged 65+. Universal weekly remote contact had relatively little impact on inequalities. Reduced in-person social contact may increase depressive symptoms and loneliness among older adults, especially for those aged 65+ who live alone. Reliance on remote social contact seems unlikely to compensate for social inequalities. In-person but not remote contact associated with less depression/loneliness. In-person contact < weekly reduces educational inequalities in depression/loneliness. In those aged 65+ partner/wealth inequalities widen with <weekly in-person contact. Weekly remote contact has little impact on inequalities in depression/loneliness.
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