Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation
Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation
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DOI：
10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400058
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发表时间：
1993-12
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
B. Kogut;U. Zander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Kogut;U. Zander
企业是专门从事知识创造和内部转移的社会团体。跨国公司的出现并非源于知识买卖市场的失灵，而是源于其作为跨国界转移知识的组织工具的卓越效率。我们通过实证检验将制造新产品的能力转移给全资子公司或其他方的决定来检验公司专门从事隐性知识内部转移的说法。实证结果表明，技术的可编码性越低且越难教授，转移到全资运营的可能性就越大。这一结果意味着，转移模式的选择取决于跨国公司相对于其他企业的知识转移效率，而不是相对于抽象市场交易的效率。公司专门从事知识转移和重组的概念是跨国公司演化理论的基础
Firms are social communities that specialize in the creation and internal transfer of knowledge. The multinational corporation arises not out of the failure of markets for the buying and selling of knowledge, but out of its superior efficiency as an organizational vehicle by which to transfer this knowledge across borders. We test the claim that firms specialize in the internal transfer of tacit knowledge by empirically examining the decision to transfer the capability to manufacture new products to wholly owned subsidiaries or to other parties. The empirical results show that the less codifiable and the harder to teach is the technology, the more likely the transfer will be to wholly owned operations. This result implies that the choice of transfer mode is determined by the efficiency of the multinational corporation in transferring knowledge relative to other firms, not relative to an abstract market transaction. The notion of the firm as specializing in the transfer and recombination of knowledge is the foundation to an evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation