Epidemiology of Bonamia ostreae infecting European flat oysters Ostrea edulis from Lake Grevelingen, The Netherlands
Epidemiology of Bonamia ostreae infecting European flat oysters Ostrea edulis from Lake Grevelingen, The Netherlands
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DOI：
10.3354/meps08594
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Hummel, Herman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engelsma, Marc Y.;Kerkhoff, Sonja;Hummel, Herman
荷兰的欧洲扁平牡蛎美味牡蛎 (Ostrea edulis) 的生产因单孢子寄生虫 Bonamia ostreae 的存在而受到阻碍，该寄生虫自 1980 年后建立以来，现已成为地方性动物物种。我们分析了 1988 年至 2006 年年度贝类疾病监测的组织病理学数据，以量化格雷韦林根湖扁平牡蛎种群中牡蛎扁平牡蛎的流行情况。此外，我们还通过 2003 年的现场调查每月估算了牡蛎壳虫的流行情况。使用牡蛎壳虫的特异性引物通过 PCR 检测了该寄生虫。相对于美味牡蛎密度、生物量和一系列环境参数，分析了牡蛎的流行情况。全年在平牡蛎中均检测到牡蛎芽孢杆菌，春季患病率高于秋季，可能是由于秋季产卵终止和牡蛎生长开始。尽管在所有牡蛎重量等级中都检测到了牡蛎芽孢杆菌，但春季最大牡蛎的患病率最高，秋季则不成比例地下降，这可能是由于秋季之前大型牡蛎的死亡率较高，这表明患病率取决于牡蛎年龄。寄生虫流行率与牡蛎密度和总生物量无关，但在温暖的秋季后似乎更高。平牡蛎（感染或未感染牡蛎芽孢杆菌）的丰度与前一时期的温度呈负相关，这表明平牡蛎的死亡率在较高的水温下增加。此外，在食物供应量和盐度较低的情况下，美味牡蛎似乎更容易受到牡蛎养殖的影响（
Production of European flat oysters Ostrea edulis in the Netherlands has been hampered by the presence of the haplosporidian parasite Bonamia ostreae, which is now an enzootic species following its establishment after 1980. We analyzed histopathological data from annual shellfish disease monitoring from 1988 to 2006 to quantify prevalence of B. ostreae in flat oyster stocks of the marine Lake Grevelingen. In addition, we estimated prevalence of B. ostreae on a monthly basis with field surveys in 2003. The parasite was detected with PCR, using specific primers for B. ostreae. Prevalence of B. ostreae was analyzed relative to O. edulis density, biomass and a range of environmental parameters. B. ostreae was detected in flat oysters throughout the year with a higher prevalence in spring than in autumn, possibly due to termination of spawning and the onset of oyster growth in autumn. Although B. ostreae was detected in all oyster weight classes, prevalence was highest in the largest oysters in spring and declined disproportionately in autumn, possibly due to high mortality of large oysters before autumn, suggesting that prevalence depends on oyster age. Parasite prevalence was independent of oyster density and total biomass, but appeared to be higher after a warm autumn. Abundance of the flat oyster (infected or non-infected with B. ostreae) was negatively related to the temperature of the preceding period, suggesting that mortality in flat oysters increased at higher water temperatures. Furthermore, O. edulis appeared to be more susceptible to B. ostreae after years with lower food availability and lower salinities (