Taking a Free Ride: How Team Learning Affects Social Loafing
Taking a Free Ride: How Team Learning Affects Social Loafing
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DOI：
10.1037/edu0000713
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发表时间：
2021-10-25
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Schippers, Michaela C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gabelica, Catherine;De Maeyer, Sven;Schippers, Michaela C.
虽然在当今的学术和工作环境中越来越需要协作，但有许多方式可以通过功能失调的效率低下和流程损失来削弱团队合作。过程损失的一种重要形式是团队中的个体成员比其他团队成员付出更少的努力（即，social loafing）。由于团队需要将团队成员的努力作为一种协作资源来维持，因此有必要了解在团队任务中形成社会闲散的因素。本研究同时考察了目标导向和团队学习变化的程度（即，集体知识的变化）影响社会闲散。作者使用多波设计来解释675名学生在团队中工作的社会游手好闲倾向的变化。他们进行了线性混合效应模型，以表明在9周的团队合作中，团队学习得分高于其他团队的团队成员的社会闲散减少。虽然学习和绩效取向显着相关的初始自我或同行评价的社会闲散，他们不能解释随后的变化，社会闲散。结果强调了在解释团队中动机波动时考虑团队水平动态特性的重要性。教育影响和含义声明尽管小组工作已逐渐发展成为学习和教学以及专业发展领域的主导方法之一，但研究表明，大量团队成员表现出不合作的行为，如社会闲散（即，个人倾向于比其他团队成员花费更少的努力）。一项为期九周的纵向研究结果显示，675名学生在团队中工作，团队的集体知识（即，团队学习）比其他团队表现出减少社会游手好闲的倾向随着时间的推移。此外，他们还表明，个别成员的学习和表现取向预测社会游手好闲的合作开始。这些发现有助于我们更好地理解动态团队水平属性如何防止个体成员参与功能失调行为。
Although collaboration is increasingly required in today's academic and work contexts, there are many ways in which teamwork can be impaired by dysfunctional inefficiencies and process loss. An important form of process loss is the tendency for individual members of a team to exert less effort than their fellow team members (i.e., social loafing). Since teams need to sustain the effort of team members as a collaborative resource, it is imperative to understand factors that shape social loafing in team tasks. This study examines simultaneously the degree to which goal orientation and changes in team learning (i.e., shifts in collective knowledge) affect social loafing. The authors use a multiwave design to explain changes in social loafing tendencies of 675 students working in teams. They conduct linear mixed effects modeling to show that individual team members who belong to teams that score higher than other teams on team learning throughout 9 weeks of teamwork experience a decrease in social loafing. Although learning and performance orientations are significantly related to initial self- or peer-rated social loafing, they cannot explain ensuing changes in social loafing. Results highlight the importance of considering team-level dynamic properties when explaining fluctuations of motivation in teams.Educational Impact and Implications Statement Even though small group work has gradually progressed to being one of the dominant approaches in the domain of learning and instruction and professional development, research shows that large numbers of team members exhibit unco-operative behaviors such as social loafing (i.e., individuals' tendency to expend less effort than their fellow team members). The results of a nine-week longitudinal study with 675 students working in teams reveal that teams experiencing a steeper shift in team's collective knowledge (i.e., team learning) than other teams show a decrease in social loafing tendencies over time. Additionally, they show that the learning and performance orientations of individual members predict social loafing at the start of the collaboration. These findings help us better understand how dynamic team-level properties can prevent individual members from engaging in dysfunctional behaviors.