Fecundity, Longevity, and Parthenogenesis of the American Roach, Periplaneta americana L.
Fecundity, Longevity, and Parthenogenesis of the American Roach, Periplaneta americana L.
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美洲蟑螂 (Periplaneta americana L.) 的繁殖力、寿命和单性生殖。
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发表时间：
1942
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
O. E. Tauber
中科院分区：
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作者：
J. T. Griffiths;O. E. Tauber
尽管美洲大蠊（Periplaneta americana）是家庭、商店和建筑物中常见的害虫之一，但其大部分生物学特性尚未确定；并且并非所有可用数据都一致。这里报道的实验的目的是研究实验室饲养的美洲蟑螂在有或没有雄性的情况下的产卵能力，并获得有关每个胶囊的卵数量、卵的孵化期、孤雌生殖、寿命和其他相关现象的信息。鉴于最近越来越多地使用蟑螂作为昆虫生理学和毒理学的实验动物，这些知识很有价值。本文介绍了从 85 名女性身上获得的结果，其中一些是在两年多的时间内观察到的。 Von Fischer (1928) 在她对美洲蟑螂发育的研究中报告说，Fibiger 发现同一物种的卵的孵化期为 6 周；若虫期延长7-8个月。她表示，Fibiger 对发育期的注释太长，因为她观察到成虫在大约 5 个月后出现。 Sein (1923) 还获得了美洲对虾卵的孵化期略长于 6 周的结果。有几篇论文源于对埃及和印度这种蟑螂标本的观察。 Nigam (1933) 研究了美洲对虾在印度的产卵和发育。他主要对昆虫的一般生物学感兴趣，但表示产卵通常在交配后 3-7 天开始。据报道，鸡蛋的孵化期为27-28天。他指出，蛋胶囊通常在夏季生产。没有观察到孤雌生殖。 Lefroy (1909)给出的孵化时间为23天； Adair (1923) 发现产卵和孵化之间的时间最短为 29 天，最长为 64 天。 Gould 和 Deay (1938) 发表了一项美洲对虾生物学研究，主要关注产卵和寿命。通过对 14 个选定个体的观察，他们发现雌性的成年期从 102 天到 588 天不等，平均为 438 天。每只雌性平均产卵 58.8 箱，个体产量从 10 粒到多达 90 粒不等。产卵期平均间隔 5-9 天；每个胶囊孵化 13.8 个若虫。尽管该系列中包括 3 只处女雌性，但没有一只产下可存活的卵。两只雌性只在产卵前有雄性存在，并分别形成 30 和 40 个卵囊。平均出现时间间隔为 7.3 天，大多数卵都是受精的。 Rau (1940) 发表了一系列有关美洲蟑螂各个生物阶段的论文。他报告说，蟑螂一生都处于监禁状态——
A THOUGH the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, is among the commoner insect pests of homes, stores, and buildings, much of its biology has not been ascertained; and not all available data are in agreement. The purposes of the experiments reported here were to study the egg-laying capacity of the laboratoryreared American roach in the presence or absence of a male and to obtain information about the number of eggs per capsule, the incubation period of eggs, parthenogenesis, longevity, and other allied phenomena. Such knowledge is valuable in view of recent increasing use of the cockroach as an experimental animal in insect physiology and toxicology. This paper presents results obtained from 85 females, some of which were observed over a period of more than 2 years. Von Fischer (1928) in her study of development of the American roach reported that Fibiger had found the incubation period for eggs of the same species to be 6 weeks; and nymphal stages to extend over a period of 7-8 months. She stated that Fibiger's notations for the developmental period were too long, since she observed that the imago emerged after about 5 months. Sein (1923) also obtained an incubation period of slightly more than 6 weeks for eggs of P. americana. Several papers have originated from observations of specimens of this roach in Egypt and India. Nigam (1933) investigated oviposition and development of P. americana in India. He was interested mainly in the general biology of the insect but stated that oviposition usually begins 3-7 days after copulation. The incubation period for eggs was reported to be 27-28 days. He noted that egg capsules were usually produced during summer months. Parthenogenesis was not observed. Lefroy (1909) gave 23 days as the duration of incubation; while Adair (1923) found 29 days as a minimum and 64 days as a maximum for the time between oviposition and hatching. Gould and Deay (I938) published a biological study of P. americana, which was primarily concerned with oviposition and longevity. From observations upon 14 selected individuals they found that adulthood of females varied from o102 to 588 days and averaged 438 days. An average of 58.8 egg cases was produced per female, with individual production ranging from io to as many as 90 capsules. Egg cases averaged 5-9 days apart; and 13.8 nymphs hatched per capsule. Although 3 virgin females were included in the series, none produced viable eggs. Two females had males present only during the preoviposition period, and formed 30 and 40 egg capsules, respectively. On the average, they appeared 7.3 days apart and most of the eggs were fertile. Rau (1940) published a series of papers concerned with various biological phases of the American roach. He reported that roaches in confinement throughout their entire life-