Electromagnetic neutron-atom interactions
Electromagnetic neutron-atom interactions
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电磁中子-原子相互作用
DOI：
10.1016/0370-1573(86)90129-8
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V. F. Sears
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. F. Sears
在中子与原子的碰撞中，除了与原子核的强相互作用和与磁性电子的磁偶极子相互作用外，还存在若干次电磁相互作用。后一种相互作用包括自旋轨道相互作用（或Schwinger相互作用）、Foldy相互作用、核磁偶极子相互作用以及由中子的电极化率和有限的本征电荷半径引起的相互作用。在本文中，我们对电磁中子-原子相互作用进行了全面的回顾，特别强调次级相互作用在多大程度上已经隐含地包含在精确的中子光学测量得到的散射长度中，这些散射长度列在数据表中。在分析凝聚态中子衍射和非弹性散射数据时，需要对残余二次相互作用进行显式修正的条件。主要结论是，除了最轻的原子外，目前忽略二次相互作用的习惯可能导致中子散射实验中高达2%至3%的显著系统误差，这些实验扩展到广泛的动量传递范围。
In the collision of a neutron with an atom there exists, in addition to the strong interaction with the nucleus and the magnetic dipole interaction with the magnetic electrons, a number of secondary electromagnetic interactions. The latter interactions include the spin-orbit (or Schwinger) interaction, the Foldy interaction, the nuclear magnetic dipole interaction, and interactions arising from the electric polarizability and the finite intrinsic charge radius of the neutron. We present in this paper a comprehensive review of the electromagnetic neutron-atom interactions with particular emphasis on the question of the extent to which the secondary interactions are already included implicitly in the scattering lengths obtained from accurate neutron optical measurements, which one finds listed in data tables, and the conditions under which explicit corrections for the residual secondary interactions are required in the analysis of neutron diffraction and inelastic scattering data for condensed matter. The main conclusion is that, except for the lightest atoms, the current habit of neglecting the secondary interactions can lead to significant systematic errors of up to 2 to 3% in neutron scattering experiments which extend over a wide range of momentum transfers.