High Levels of Bisphenol A in Paper Currencies from Several Countries, and Implications for Dermal Exposure
High Levels of Bisphenol A in Paper Currencies from Several Countries, and Implications for Dermal Exposure
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DOI：
10.1021/es200977t
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发表时间：
2011-08-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Kannan, Kurunthachalam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liao, Chunyang;Kannan, Kurunthachalam
人类接触双酚A(BPA)的来源尚未得到很好的描述。关于双酚A在纸制品中的存在，特别是在纸币中的存在，以及它对人类接触的影响，人们知之甚少。在这项工作中，对来自21个国家(N=156)的纸币进行了BPA分析，BPA是从纸币上的三个点取的19 mm冲孔来测量的。双酚A在所有纸币中的浓度范围为0.001-82.7ug/g(平均值为4.94ug/g，中位数为1.02mU/g)，中间部分的样本浓度高于外围部分的样本。我们还检查了双酚A从热敏收据纸到货币的转移，方法是将与热敏收据纸接触的货币放在钱包中24小时。热敏纸与双酚A接触24小时后，双酚A浓度显著升高，表明热敏纸是纸币中双酚A的重要来源。据估计，每天通过皮肤吸收处理纸币的双酚A摄入量约为每天几毫微克。
The sources of human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) are not well characterized. Little is known about the presence of BPA in paper products, especially in paper currencies, and its implications for human exposure. In this work, paper currencies from 21 countries (N = 156) were analyzed for BPA, which was measured in 19 mm punches taken from three spots on the paper currencies. BPA was found in all paper currencies at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 82.7 mu g/g (mean 4.94; median 1.02) and the concentrations in samples taken from the middle portion of the currencies were higher than those taken from peripheral portions. We also examined the transfer of BPA from thermal receipt paper to currencies by placing currencies in contact with thermal receipt papers for 24 h in a wallet. Concentrations of BPA dramatically increased after 24 h of contact with thermal receipt papers, suggesting that thermal receipt paper is an important source of BPA in paper currencies. The estimated daily intake of BPA through dermal absorption from handling paper currencies was on the order of a few nanograms per day.