The genetic history of Ice Age Europe.
The genetic history of Ice Age Europe.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature17993
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发表时间：
2016-06-09
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Reich D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fu Q;Posth C;Hajdinjak M;Petr M;Mallick S;Fernandes D;Furtwängler A;Haak W;Meyer M;Mittnik A;Nickel B;Peltzer A;Rohland N;Slon V;Talamo S;Lazaridis I;Lipson M;Mathieson I;Schiffels S;Skoglund P;Derevianko AP;Drozdov N;Slavinsky V;Tsybankov A;Cremonesi RG;Mallegni F;Gély B;Vacca E;Morales MR;Straus LG;Neugebauer-Maresch C;Teschler-Nicola M;Constantin S;Moldovan OT;Benazzi S;Peresani M;Coppola D;Lari M;Ricci S;Ronchitelli A;Valentin F;Thevenet C;Wehrberger K;Grigorescu D;Rougier H;Crevecoeur I;Flas D;Semal P;Mannino MA;Cupillard C;Bocherens H;Conard NJ;Harvati K;Moiseyev V;Drucker DG;Svoboda J;Richards MP;Caramelli D;Pinhasi R;Kelso J;Patterson N;Krause J;Pääbo S;Reich D
现代人类在大约4.5万年前到达欧洲，但在大约8500年前农业开始之前，人们对他们的基因组成知之甚少。我们分析了大约45,000-7,000年前的51个欧亚人的全基因组数据。在这段时间里，尼安德特人DNA的比例从3-6%下降到2%左右，这与现代人类中尼安德特人变体的自然选择相一致。尽管欧洲最早的现代人对今天的欧洲人没有实质性的贡献，但在距今37000年到14000年前之间的所有个体都是由一个单一的始祖群体繁衍而来，这个始祖群体构成了今天欧洲人祖先的一部分。大约35000年前，来自欧洲西北部的个体代表了这个创始人群的一个早期分支，后来他们在一个广阔的地区流离失所，在大约19000年前的冰河时期重新出现在欧洲西南部。在大约1.4万年前的主要变暖时期，欧洲出现了一种与当今近东人有关的新的遗传成分。这些结果记录了人口流动和移民如何成为欧洲史前时期反复出现的主题。
Modern humans arrived in Europe ~45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ~8,500 years ago. We analyze genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ~45,000-7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3–6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas the earliest modern humans in Europe did not contribute substantially to present-day Europeans, all individuals between ~37,000 and ~14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. A ~35,000 year old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe during the Ice Age ~19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ~14,000 years ago, a new genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners appears in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European pre-history.