Large-scale mass wasting in the western Indian Ocean constrains onset of East African rifting

Large-scale mass wasting in the western Indian Ocean constrains onset of East African rifting
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西印度洋的大规模浪费限制了东非裂谷的发生

DOI:
10.1038/s41467-020-17267-5
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Richards, Bill
Richards, Bill
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Maselli, Vittorio;Iacopini, David;Ebinger, Cynthia J.;Tewari, Sugandha;de Haas, Henk;Wade, Bridget S.;Pearson, Paul N.;Francis, Malcolm;van Vliet, Arjan;Richards, Bill

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断层和地震沿着东非裂谷系的侧翼,包括西印度洋的一个离岸分支,广泛发生,导致沉积物重新流动,形成滑坡。到目前为止,限制发生的海底滑坡在边缘规模缺乏,留下一个悬而未决的裂谷和斜坡不稳定之间的联系。在这里,我们展示了坦桑尼亚边缘后始新世地层中滑坡沉积物的第一个概述,并介绍了地球上最大的滑坡之一的发现:黑手党大型滑坡。在中新世早期至中期,多处山体滑坡(包括黑手党大型滑坡)的发生与坦桑尼亚的火山裂谷作用是同时代的,这表明东非的高原隆起和裂谷作用可能通过地震活动和增加沉积物供应引发了大型和潜在的海啸山体滑坡。这项研究是评估该地区海底滑坡风险的第一步。
Faulting and earthquakes occur extensively along the flanks of the East African Rift System, including an offshore branch in the western Indian Ocean, resulting in remobilization of sediment in the form of landslides. To date, constraints on the occurrence of submarine landslides at margin scale are lacking, leaving unanswered a link between rifting and slope instability. Here, we show the first overview of landslide deposits in the post-Eocene stratigraphy of the Tanzania margin and we present the discovery of one of the biggest landslides on Earth: the Mafia mega-slide. The emplacement of multiple landslides, including the Mafia mega-slide, during the early-mid Miocene is coeval with cratonic rifting in Tanzania, indicating that plateau uplift and rifting in East Africa triggered large and potentially tsunamigenic landslides likely through earthquake activity and enhanced sediment supply. This study is a first step to evaluate the risk associated with submarine landslides in the region.
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