Influence of Rice Husk Biochar and Compost Amendments on Salt Contents and Hydraulic Properties of Soil and Rice Yield in Salt-Affected Fields
Influence of Rice Husk Biochar and Compost Amendments on Salt Contents and Hydraulic Properties of Soil and Rice Yield in Salt-Affected Fields
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DOI：
10.3390/agronomy10081101
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发表时间：
2020-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Phuong;Chau Minh Khoi;K. Ritz;T. B. Linh;Dang Duy Minh;Tran Anh Duc;N. Sinh;T. Linh;K. Toyota
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文献类型：
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作者：
N. Phuong;Chau Minh Khoi;K. Ritz;T. B. Linh;Dang Duy Minh;Tran Anh Duc;N. Sinh;T. Linh;K. Toyota
土壤盐碱化可能会损害作物产量。除了适当管理灌溉用水外，还可以通过改良土壤来降低盐分。本研究的目的是评价稻壳、生物炭和堆肥改良剂对缓解盐碱和水稻生长的效果。田间试验在两个不同地点的盐渍水稻田进行，连续种植五种作物。4个重复的处理包括连续三年三季稻作、两季稻作休耕、春夏轮作+堆肥3 mg ha−1作物−1和生物炭10 mg ha−1作物−1(FRR+BC)。研究了土壤含盐量、土壤水力性质、植物生物量和植物对阳离子的吸收。施用生物炭显著降低了土壤容重(BD)、交换性钠(Na+)和交换性钠百分比(ESP)。施用生物炭显著提高了土壤的总孔隙度、饱和导水率(KSAT)、速效钾(K+)、K+/Na+比值、速效磷和全碳含量，增加了土壤的生物量、总孔隙度和速效磷，但对交换性Na+和ESP无明显影响。水稻地上总生物量呈FRR+BC>；FRR+COMP>；FRR>；RRR。FRR+BC处理稻草相对较高的K+吸收和较低的Na+吸收，导致K+/Na+比值显著高于其他处理的两倍。我们的结果表明，生物炭改良剂是一种有益的选择，可以减少ESP，并在盐度影响的缺磷条件下提供有效的K+和P，从而提高秸秆生物量。
Soil salinity may damage crop production. Besides proper management of irrigation water, salinity reduction can be achieved through soil amendment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of rice husk biochar and compost amendments on alleviation of salinity and rice growth. Field experiments were conducted at two salt-affected paddy rice fields located in distinct sites for five continuous crops. Treatments, with four replicates, consisted of continuous three rice crops per year (RRR), two rice crops rotated with fallow in spring–summer crop (FRR), FRR plus compost at 3 Mg ha−1 crop−1 (FRR + Comp), and biochar at 10 Mg ha−1 crop−1 (FRR + BC). Salt contents and hydraulic properties of soils, plant biomass, and plant uptake of cations were investigated. Soil bulk density (BD), exchangeable sodium (Na+), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were reduced remarkably by biochar application. Biochar application significantly increased other soil properties including total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), soluble and exchangeable potassium (K+), K+/Na+ ratio, available P, and total C. Compost application also improved BD, total porosity, and available P, but not exchangeable Na+ and ESP. Total aboveground biomass of rice showed a trend of FRR + BC > FRR + Comp > FRR > RRR. Relatively higher K+ uptake and lower Na+ uptake in rice straw in FRR + BC resulted in a significant two times higher K+/Na+ ratio over other treatments. Our results highlight that biochar amendment is a beneficial option for reducing ESP and providing available K+ and P under salinity-affected P-deficient conditions, hence improving straw biomass.