We Need Both Exploratory and Confirmatory
We Need Both Exploratory and Confirmatory
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我们需要探索性和验证性
DOI：
10.1080/00031305.1980.10482706
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Tukey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Tukey
我们常常忘记科学和工程是如何起作用的。想法往往来自以前的探索，而不是来自闪电。重要的问题可能需要最仔细的计划来进行验证性分析。广泛的一般性询问也很重要。找到问题往往比找到答案更重要。探索性数据分析是一种态度，一种灵活性，一种对展示的依赖，而不是一堆技术，应该这样教授。相比之下，验证性数据分析更容易教，也更容易计算机化。我们需要两者都教；更广泛地思考科学和工程；准备随机化，避免多样性。
Abstract We often forget how science and engineering function. Ideas come from previous exploration more often than from lightning strokes. Important questions can demand the most careful planning for confirmatory analysis. Broad general inquiries are also important. Finding the question is often more important than finding the answer. Exploratory data analysis is an attitude, a flexibility, and a reliance on display, NOT a bundle of techniques, and should be so taught. Confirmatory data analysis, by contrast, is easier to teach and easier to computerize. We need to teach both; to think about science and engineering more broadly; to be prepared to randomize and avoid multiplicity.