Biodiversity Risks of Adopting Resilience as a Policy Goal
Biodiversity Risks of Adopting Resilience as a Policy Goal
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DOI：
10.1111/conl.12227
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Newton, Adrian C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newton, Adrian C.
复原力正日益被纳入国家和全球范围的环境政策。然而，复原力是一个有争议的概念，科学文献中提出了各种各样的定义，并且在如何衡量它方面几乎没有共识。因此，将恢复力作为政策目标会给生物多样性保护带来风险，在此将其分为三类：（1）模糊性，（2）测量困难，（3）滥用。虽然决策者可能欢迎弹性概念的模糊性，因为它提供了灵活性和建立共识的机会，但缺乏明确的定义阻碍了对政策有效性的评估。与复原力有关的政策不太可能以证据为基础，因为监测将难以实施。模糊的定义也为滥用提供了机会。欧洲森林的例子就说明了这一点，那里的复原力被用作促进对生物多样性产生负面影响的管理干预的理由。为了应对这些风险，需要制定标准定义和衡量复原力的标准，供政策使用。此外，有必要制定有关复原力政策的准则、标准和确定最佳做法，以确保其执行不会导致生物多样性丧失。
Resilience is increasingly being incorporated into environmental policy at national and global scales. Yet resilience is a contested concept, with a wide variety of definitions proposed in the scientific literature, and little consensus regarding how it should be measured. Consequently, adoption of resilience as a policy goal presents risks to biodiversity conservation, which are considered here in relation to three categories: (1) ambiguity, (2) measurement difficulty, and (3) misuse. While policy makers might welcome the ambiguity of resilience as a concept, as it provides flexibility and opportunities to build consensus, the lack of clear definitions hinders evaluation of policy effectiveness. Policy relating to resilience is unlikely to be evidence-based, as monitoring will be difficult to implement. Vague definitions also provide scope for misuse. This is illustrated by the case of European forests, where resilience is being used as a justification to promote management interventions that will negatively affect biodiversity. To address these risks, there is a need for standard definitions and measures of resilience to be developed for use in policy. Furthermore, there is a need for guidelines, standards, and identification of best practice in relation to resilience policy, to ensure that its implementation does not contribute to biodiversity loss.