Gender Construction Through Interactions Between the Media and Audience in Japan
Gender Construction Through Interactions Between the Media and Audience in Japan
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日本媒体与观众互动中的性别建构
DOI：
10.1111/1475-6781.00018
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Muramatsu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Muramatsu
本文将20世纪70年代以来日本的女性主义研究置于历史和社会的背景下，从性别身份建构的角度对大众传媒文本和受众解读进行了梳理。这四项研究都是以读者阅读文本的差异为研究对象，有些研究还以读者的生活为背景。从方法上讲，这些研究根据定量调查，对由被确定为每一受众的代表或典型的人组成的人口进行了定性分析。日本社会的特点、包括媒体环境在内的历史背景、生活状况决定了受众的阅读。上世纪70年代，以家庭为导向的成年女性在电视剧中找到了共同的价值观，并确定了自己作为“女人”的生存方式。1980年代以后对儿童英雄剧和以女孩为对象的小说进行的研究表明，媒体经验虽然具有促进性别角色变化的某种势头，但仍然通过构建性别特有的身份，在再现现有性别体系方面发挥着主导作用。为了提高受众对文本阅读的批判意识，新的媒介素养研究和活动应运而生。
This paper traces feminist studies in Japan on mass media texts and the audience's readings since the 1970s in the historical and social context, and reviews them from a perspective of gender identity construction. The four studies referred to examine differences in text readings by audience, and some also explore the audience's livelihood as a background. Methodologically, the studies qualitatively analyse populations consisting of people who have been identified as representative or typical of each audience, based on quantitative surveys. The readings made by audiences are defined by characteristics of Japanese society, historical background including media environment, and living situations. In the 1970s, home–oriented adult women found common values in television dramas and identified their way of living as “woman”. The studies conducted after the 1980s, on hero shows for children and on girl–oriented novels, suggest that media experience, with some momentum towards promoting changes of gender roles, still function dominantly in reproducing the existing gender system through construction of gender–specific identities. In the current era, new studies and activities of media literacy have emerged in order to raise audiences’ critical awareness of text readings.