A novel approach to the development of the HARMONI integral field spectrograph using structured systems thinking
A novel approach to the development of the HARMONI integral field spectrograph using structured systems thinking
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使用结构化系统思维开发 HARMONI 积分场摄谱仪的新方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
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通讯作者：
M. Rodrigues
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Schnetler;F. Clarke;M. Rodrigues
在本文中，我们将描述如何开发（设计，建造，集成，验证和安装）的技术兼容的积分场光谱仪（IFS）可以计划和执行。首先，我们将展示如何开发的产品分解结构（PBS）利用结构化的功能为基础的系统工程方法论的基础上系统的思考。产品分解结构是系统架构设计过程的主要输出（可交付成果）之一，是实现系统物理架构的产品层次结构。通过在硬件和软件中实现系统生命周期内所需的所有功能来开发系统物理架构。为了最终确定系统架构，还需要考虑和实施以正确顺序执行所需功能的控制和数据流。一旦系统架构被开发出来，它就可以被划分成一个由子系统、模块、组件、子组件和组件组成的分层产品分解结构。此后，产品分解结构可以被划分为逻辑工作分解结构。通过使用所需的每个工程学科的开发工作流程的知识和理解，可以使用单个产品和工作分解结构来制定稳健的项目进度表。此外，我们将展示如何使用配置管理（CMII）流程将各种工程学科的工作要素整合到一个连贯的项目计划中，以最终确定零件，模块，组件，子系统或系统的设计，以达到这些零件可以制造或采购以进一步组装和集成的水平。使用项目规划软件，如Microsoft Project，可以确定项目的总体形状和关键路径。通常情况下，地面和空间天文设施的发展需要多年甚至几十年的时间。因此，在项目的早期开发阶段，很容易将大量时间浪费在无用和不必要的任务上。我们采用敏捷软件开发方法来准备、执行和监控短期计划（sprints），以确保取得进展，并确保所有工作元素都有助于实现项目的最终目标。我们说明了这些新的技术，仍然被用于开发的谐波积分场摄谱仪。HARMONI被选为极大望远镜（ELT）的第一个轻型仪器之一。ELT将是欧洲南方天文台（ESO）的下一代望远镜和天文台，将在智利的Cerra Armazones上建造。该仪器完成了初步设计阶段，该团队目前正在详细设计，作为项目详细设计阶段的一部分。本文的一个主要目标也是表明，一个单一的结构，即产品分解结构，是所有需要计划的开发，建设，验证和确认，安装和调试的任何科学产品。通过关联采购或构建每个组件所需的工程工件，可以通过创建集成工作流程来开发强大的项目时间线，该流程涵盖了将系统从概念发展到天空上的工作仪器所需的所有任务。
In this paper we will describe how the development (design, build, integration, verification and installation) of a technically compliant Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) can be planned and executed. Firstly we will show how one would develop the product breakdown structure (PBS) making use of a structured function-based systems engineering methodology based on systems thinking. The product breakdown structure is one of the primary outputs (deliverables) of the systems architecture design process and is a hierarchy of products implementing the physical architecture of the system. The system physical architecture is developed by implementing all the functions required over the life-time of the system in hardware and software. To finalise the system architecture the control and data flow to perform the required functions in the correct sequence will also need to be considered and implemented. Once the system architecture has been developed it can be partitioned into a hierarchical product breakdown structure consisting of sub-systems, modules, assemblies, sub-assemblies, and components. Thereafter the product breakdowns structure can be partitioned into a logical work breakdown structure. By using the knowledge and understanding of the development workflows for each of the engineering disciplines required, a single product and work breakdown structure can be used to develop a robust project schedule. In addition, we will show how the processes of configuration management (CMII) are used to integrate the work elements of the various engineering disciplines into a coherent project plan to finalise the designs of parts, modules, assemblies, sub-systems or systems to a level where these parts can either be made or procured for further assembly and integration. Using project planning software such as Microsoft Project, the general shape and critical path of the project can be determined. Typically, the development of ground based and space astronomical facilities are stretched over many years, even decades. Therefore it is easy to waste a lot of time during the early development phases of the project on nugatory and non-essential tasks. We have adopted the Agile software development methodology to prepare, execute and monitor short term plans (sprints) to ensure progress is being made and that all work elements contributes to the end goal of the project. We illustrate how these novel techniques have and still are being used in the development of the HARMONI Integral Field Spectrograph. HARMONI was selected as one of the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) first light instruments. The ELT will be the European Southern Observatory’s (ESO) next generation telescope and observatory and will be built in Chile on Cerra Armazones. The instrument completed its preliminary design phase and the team is now detailing the designs as part of the detailed design phase of the project. A major objective of this paper is also to show that one single structure, namely the product breakdown structure, is all that is required to plan the development, construction, verification and validation, installation and commissioning of any scientific product. By associating the engineering artefacts required to either procure or build each of the components a robust project time-line can be develop by creating integrated work flows covering all the tasks required to progress the system from conception to a working instrument on sky.