Topicalizer: reframing core concepts in machine learning visualization by co-designing for interpretivist scholarship

Topicalizer: reframing core concepts in machine learning visualization by co-designing for interpretivist scholarship
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Topicalizer:通过解释主义学术的共同设计重新构建机器学习可视化的核心概念

DOI:
10.1080/07370024.2020.1734460
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Human–Computer Interaction
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
McGee, Micki
McGee, Micki
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baumer, Eric P.;Siedel, Drew;McDonnell, Lena;Zhong, Jiayun;Sittikul, Patricia;McGee, Micki

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设计计算系统越来越多地意味着设计与算法的交互。机器学习、推荐系统、情感分析和其他算法技术在交互式、面向用户的系统中已经变得很常见。这些发展提出了新的,复杂的挑战,无论是在设计这样的系统(Baumer,2017年; Dove等人,2017; Leahu,2016; Yang等人,2018)以及用户与它们的交互(Ananny,2011;布赫,2017; Eslami等人,2016,2015;吉莱斯皮,2012,2013)。支持社会学和人文学者的解释主义文本分析的计算工具为探索这些问题提供了一个令人信服的背景。给定一个大型语料库,如何确定文档是关于什么的?传统上,解决该问题的方法包括定性分析(Lofland等人,1971(2005)),扎根理论(Charmaz,2006; Glaser & Strauss,1967),话语分析(Foucault,1972),以及其他。然而,通过这种“近距离阅读”方法来分析大量的非结构化文本可能是困难的,这是时间和劳动密集型的。一种越来越常见的方法利用了诸如数字人文学科(Jockers,2013; Jockers & Mimno,2013; Rhody,2013;安德伍德,2019,2014)或计算社会科学(Lazer等人,2009; Roberts等人,2014年)。研究人员采用情感分析(Pang & Lee,2008),主题建模(Blei,2012; Blei等人,2003)、搭配分析(Lind &萨洛,2002)以及各种其他分析大量文本的技术。此外,计算方法不仅仅是简单地扩大人类的能力。人类和计算机以不同的方式阅读文本(Burrell,2016; Passi &杰克逊,2017; Taylor,2009)。计算系统提供了一种替代的透镜,一种文本数据的不同视图,这可能不是由人类研究人员单独实现的(Baumer等人,2017年; Muller等人,2016年)。换句话说,计算分析不仅仅是更快,而是一种与文本分析根本不同的方法。
Designing computational systems means, increasingly, designing for interactions with algorithms. Machine learning, recommender systems, sentiment analysis, and other algorithmic techniques have become common in interactive, user-facing systems. These developments raise novel, complex challenges, both in the design of such systems (Baumer, 2017; Dove et al., 2017; Leahu, 2016; Yang et al., 2018) and in terms of users’ interactions with them (Ananny, 2011; Bucher, 2017; Eslami et al., 2016, 2015; Gillespie, 2012, 2013). Computational tools for supporting interpretivist text analysis by sociological and humanistic scholars provides a compelling context in which to explore these issues. Given a large corpus, how does one determine what the documents are about? Traditionally, methods to address this question include qualitative analysis (Lofland et al., 1971 (2005)), grounded theory (Charmaz, 2006; Glaser & Strauss, 1967), discourse analysis (Foucault, 1972), and others. However, it can be difficult to analyze copious volumes of unstructured text via such “close reading” methods, which are time-and laborintensive.One increasingly common approach leverages computational techniques in areas such as digital humanities (Jockers, 2013; Jockers & Mimno, 2013; Rhody, 2013; Underwood, 2019, 2014) or computational social science (Lazer et al., 2009; Roberts et al., 2014). Researchers employ sentiment analysis (Pang & Lee, 2008), topic modeling (Blei, 2012; Blei et al., 2003), collocate analysis (Lind & Salo, 2002), and a variety of other techniques to analyze large volumes of text. Furthermore, computational methods do more than simply scale up human ability. Humans and computers read texts in different ways (Burrell, 2016; Passi & Jackson, 2017; Taylor, 2009). Computational systems provide an alternative lens, a different view of textual data that might not have been achieved by human researcher (s) alone (Baumer et al., 2017; Muller et al., 2016). Put differently, computational analysis is not simply faster but rather a fundamentally different means of text analysis.
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